Brinton memorial meeting; report of the memorial meeting held January sixteenth, nineteen hundred, under the auspices of the American philosophical society

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THE NE:W YORK

PUBLIC LIBRARY.

A«TOR, LENOX AND

TILeCN FOUNDATIONS.

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Brinton Memorial Meeting

REPORT OF THE MEMORIAL MEETING

HELD

January Sixteenth, Nineteen Hundred,

UNDER THE AUSPICES OF

Xhe P^mevicm Philosophical Society,

BY TWENTY -SIX LEARNED SOCIETIES
IN HONOR OF THE LATE

Daniel Garrison Brinton, M.D.

philadelphia :

American Philosophical Society.

I qoo .

THENEWyORK

'PUBLIC LIBRARY

'^ 67616

ASTOR, LENOX AND
TILDEN FOUNDATIONS

i900.

1. Introductory by the Presiding Officer, representing the

American Philosophical Society,

Provost Charles C. Harrison.

2. Presentation of an oil portrait of Dr. Brinton, the gift

of friends, to the American Philosophical Society,

Hon. Samuel W. Pennypacker.

3. Acceptance in behalf of the American Philosophical

Society, Prof. J. W. Holland, M.D.

4. Memorial Address, .... Prof. Albert H. Smyth.

5. Presentation of a collected set of Dr. Brinton' s works,

the gift of his family, to the American Philosophical
Society, Rev. Jesse Y, Burk.

6. Acceptance in behalf of the American Philosophical

Society, ..... Mr. Joseph G. Rosengarten.

7. Address, . . Prof. F. W. Putnam, of Cambridge, Mass.

8. Presentation of a medal bearing Dr. Brinton' s portrait

in relief, the gift of the Numismatic and Antiqua-
rian Society, to the American Philosophical Society,

Mr. Stewart Culin.

9. Acceptance in behalf of the American Philosophical

Society, Dr. J. Cheston Morris.

10. Address on the Ethnological Work of Dr. Brinton,

Dr. W. J. McGee, of Washington, D. C.

THE BRINTON MEMORIAL MEETING.

DANIEL GARRISON BRINTON, M.D.

BoEN May 13, 1837.
Died July 31, 1899.

At tlie stated meeting of the American Philosophical Soci-
ety, held October 6, 1899, the death of Dr. Daniel G. Brinton
was announced as having taken place on the 31st July, 1899,
and Prof. Albert H. Smyth was requested to prepare a
Memorial Address to be read at an early meeting.

At the stated meeting held the 3d November, it was resolved
to hold a Memorial Meeting in honor of Dr. Brinton, at
which Prof. Smyth's address should be read. A Committee
was appointed to arrange for such meeting, and was author-
ized to extend invitations to all American learned societies
of which Dr. Brinton was a member, and request such
societies to appoint delegates, with which to confer and
arrange the plan of the meeting.

The delegates selected attended a general committee meet-
ing at the Hall of the Society on the 9th December, 1899,
at which it was decided to hold the Memorial Meeting on
the evening of Tuesday, the 16th January, 1900, in the Hall
of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and a programme
for the meeting was arranged.

6

The Memorial Meeting was called to order bj Provost
Charles C. Harrison, of the University of Pennsylvania.

The following Societies were represented at the meeting ;

American Philosophical Society.
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
American Antiquarian Society.

American Association for the Advancement of Science.
American Folk-Lore Society.
American Museum of Natural History.
American Oriental Society.
Anthropological Society of Washington, D, C.
Bureau of American Ethnology.
Chester County Historical Society.
Field Columbian Museum.
Geographical Society of Philadelphia.
Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia.
Loyal Legion.

Modern Language Association of America.
New Jersey Historical Society.

Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia.
Oriental Club of Philadelphia.
Peabody Institute of Arts and Sciences.
Peabody Museum of American Archseology and Ethnology.
Smithsonian Institution.
United States National Museum.
University of Pennsylvania.
' Wyoming Historical and Geological Society.

The following letters of regret were read :
Smithsonian Institution,
Bureau of American Ethnology.

Washington, January 15, 1900.
My Bear Sir : — I greatly regret to inform you that I can-
not be present at the Memorial exercises for Dr. Brinton
to-morrow night. I have contracted a bad cold, my voice
could not be heard by an audience, and my physician, who
has just called, tells me that I cannot speak to-morrow even-
ing. I beg of you to present my regrets to the Committee,
and to express to them my sincere disappointment at not
being able to use my voice in an expression of appreciation
of the noble character of Dr. Brinton, his great and valu-
able contributions to anthropology, and the loss which
American science has sustained in his death.

Yours with respect,

J. W. Powell,

Washington, D. C, January 16, 1900.
It is with great regret that I am constrained at the last
moment by unexpected circumstances to forego being present
at the Memorial Meeting in honor of Dr. Brinton. I regret
this enforced absence deeply. Dr. Brinton was very much
in my life. He was a wise friend, and a true counselor in
all my work. For nearly twenty years I have been in close
touch with him, and in all that time have learned more and
more to honor him as a man and to appreciate his attain-
ments as a scholar. I have not telegraphed you, as it would
only add another burden to your hands already so busy and
full with this occasion. I write because I want you, and
any other person you may deem proper, to know that I
planned to be present, to add my small quota of public
tribute to Dr. Brinton. I desired to represent the feeling
expressed by the Woman's Anthropological Society, and of
the women who are students of archajology and ethnology.
I sincerely hope a lasting memorial may be created for him
in the University. Very truly yours,

Alice C. Fletcher.

8

Smithsonian Institution,
Bureau of American Ethnology.

Washington, January 16, 1900.

Gentlemen: — In tlie hope, albeit faint, that improved
health would enable me to accept jour valued invitation by
personal participation in the Memorial Meeting in honor of
the late Dr. Daniel Garrison Brinton, I have withheld reply
until this last moment.

The event, as announced by you, is one of great interest
and of paramount importance to the anthropological world,
forming, as it does, a signal and, in itself, an almost suffi-
cient tribute to the broad scholarship and the wide literary, no
less than scientific, sympathies and attainments of its subject,
our lamented leader.

Then there is the count of his written works, scarce less
in length than the Wallum Olum of the Leni Lenapi of his
native State, which he was the first to adequately edit and
introduce — that stands, a monument more lasting than the
sculptured monoliths of Central America which he loved
and labored so successfully to make speak again — leaving
pathways and signs for all the rest of us to follow or beware,
in study of .these the most subtle and significant of our
archseologic problems.

But more than all this is the position he so valiantly and
at last victoriously held throughout the later years of his life
in the field and school of which he was a familiar and mas-
ter — that field which embraces all countries and peoples, that
school which gains data from all human ages and records —
that the mind of man is of single essence, responsive identi-
cally everywhere through the entire range of possible human
experiences and perceptions — by the apprehension of which
still disputed fact only, may formulate laws whereby the data
of anthropology can be correlated, so to make of this the
youngest also the greatest of the sciences.

There is one side of the life of an eminent maD which,
more surely and swiftly than any other, shows the secret of
his greatness, on an occasion like the present, for it is lost to

9

sight unless speedily delineated at such time. It is the side
which was seen by his friends and familiars in converse. I
would be the happier to-day, yet in every way the poorer,
were I unable to give one of the many such glimpses I was
privileged to gain.

Vast almost beyond belief is the amount of laborious
single-handed work that Dr. Brinton accomplished. Yet to
all casual observers he seemed essentially a cosmopolite, a
man of leisure and at home in society in the living world.
Men saw his urbane and easy habits always with this thought
at first, then looked with amazement on the mountains of ore
he had delved and refined from the deepest lore of science
or garnered from its most widely sundered fields.

Occasion once led me hurriedly into your Public Library
across the way. Pardon me, but it was on one of those not
infrequent lowering days of Philadelphia fog when the light
of that lofty hall was unusually dim. Seated at the end of
a table I beheld a distinguished-looking gentleman attired as
became a man of care and taste when making a round of
afternoon calls and receptions, the button of the Loyal Legion
in the lapel of his coat. One hand kept place in an open
book, in the other he held a watch, and near by lay a scrap
of paper two inches square. " Here is a man who must
have been roused to unusual interest, for evidently he is
making calls, yet meantime studying, not merely glancing
through, a work of science." I stepped nearer. It was the
next last time I beheld Dr. Daniel Brinton, looking more
worn than I had ever seen him, yet not less eagerly and
absorbingly interested. Half of the little paper was covered
with a summary of what he had read — the early third, at
least, of the volume before him — and I quietly came away,
possessed of one explanation of his prodigious achievements.

When we see the monumental results of these left for our
heritage, why should we regret ? Yet who of his rightful
heirs therein can refrain ?

Yours very truly,

Frank Hamilton Gushing.

10

18 EUE BUPHOT,

Paris, January 15, 1900.
Dear Sir: — My unavoidable absence is my excuse for
troubling you with a letter to express the great loss inter-
national science has made in Dr. Brinton and the value we
set on his writings and the glorious labor of his life.

His friendship has been a great pride in my life, and I
would be obliged if you would express to the learned mem-
bers of the Philosophical Society how much I share in the
great loss they have made.

Yours faithfully,

Nadaillac.

Letters of regret were received also from

Secretary of State, Washington. D. C.

Secretary of the Treasury, "Washington, D. C.

President Eliot, Harvard.

President Low, Columbia University, New York.

President Warfield, Lafayette College.

President Gallaudet, Gallaudet College, Washington, D. C.

President Angell, University of Michigan.

President Packard, Brown University, Providence, R. I.

President Campbell. Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind.

General Ludlow, Governor of Havana, Cuba.

Charles D. Walcott, Department of the Interior, Wash-
ington, D. C.

Cleveland Abbe, Washington, D. C.

Edward C. Pickering, Harvard College Observatory.

William W. Goodwin, Cambridge, Mass.

Anson W. Hard, New York.

William Wallace Tooker, Sag Harbor, N. Y.

Mrs. J. M. Lander, Washington, D. C.

Mrs. John G. Moore.

William H. Dall, U. S. National Museum, Washington,
D. C.

11

Provost Harrison said :

In the absence of the venerable President of the Ameri-
can Philosophical Society, I am called upon to preside at
this significant meeting.

As the call for this assemblage shows, the American
Philosophical Society unites with the University of Pennsyl-
vania and many other institutions of learning, both local and
national, in offering to the memory of the late Dr. Daniel
Garrison Brintou the tributes of honor, esteem and affection
of those who, in his lifetime, were his fellow-workers in the
literary and scientific fields in which he won so high a place.
The number, the variety and the character of the institu-
tions here represented indicate the flexibility of his mind and
the force of his intellect, which made him a competent
observer in so many directions. In none of them was his
membership merely a complimentary matter ; each stands
for some literary or scientific interest for which he cared,
and in each of them his membership and presence were
recognized as strong and effective.

I need not here give any detail of his biography. That
will be covered by others who are to take part in the pro-
ceedings of the evening. It has already been sketched for
the forty years of his active work by Prof. Chamberlain, of
Clark University. It was but one year after his graduation
that his first book, The Floridian Peninsula^ was published,
and there is evidence that the influence of that work was
immediately directive of the career of at least one fellow-
student in anthropologic science.

I knew Dr. Brinton personally many years prior to his
coming to the University of Pennsylvania, where he held the
chair of ' ' American Archaeology and Linguistics ' ' since 1886.
Dr. Brinton' s devotion to what he himself called " the new
science of anthropology" was most interesting. He had the
utmost confidence, not only in the importance of the science
itself as a science, but also in its practical value as an applied
science in politics, education and legislation. He was not in
any way a mere " collector" or "observer," in the familiar

12

sense of these words ; he had a distinct and definite belief that
very many of the mistakes which man has made in his progress
and civihzation have been due to his lack of knowledge of
himself, and that this knowledge can be obtained best by the
collection and comparison of the records of the phenomena
of his diverse mental activities. He considered science as
purely inductive ; he took nothing for granted. How are
the mental activities of the various races exhibited in their
religions, their governments, their laws ? He felt that a
better and scientific knowledge of these human tendencies
would have lightened man's arduous struggle for advance
and progress. Dr. Brinton recognized that while the law of
progress, which is, perhaps, never dissociated from pain,
was immutable, the pain should be minimized, and, in the
past, would have been greatly reduced by a scientific knowl-
edge by man of man himself.

His work was a most proper subject for University investi-
gation. He knew that by many it must be misunderstood,
and for a time underestimated, but his purpose was one with
that which should animate every University teacher; the
unfolding of the history of human thought, the application
ot the knowledge thus revealed to present and future pro-
gress, the stimulation of that progress, freed from the pain
of misdirected effort. His earnest hope was that the pursuit
of the science which he had done so much to found might
be continued at the University when the number of his own
days was completed. When ill health overtook him, his
mind turned immediately toward the safeguarding of his main
object through the conservation of his unique library. He
wrote to me, asking whether, in my judgment, it were better
that he should give his entire collections, his books, and
MSS., by will, to the University of Pennsylvania, or whether
it would better be done during his lifetime, while he himself
might hope to see the whole collection properly installed in
the Library of the University. He adopted without hesita-
tion the suggestion made to him that it would be better to
act in the present than to take any risk of the future. And

13

so tlie Trustees of tlie University of Pennsylvania have had
the satisfaction, now a sad one, of receiving, in Dr. Brinton's
own handwriting, the deed of gift of his entire library with
its priceless manuscripts. The gift met the affectionate
approval of Mrs. Brinton.

It is a question, and one which the University should be
able to solve, with the aid of the community, how Dr. Brin-
ton's work is to be continued. His was a totally unusual
position. He was able to devote himself to investigation,
to gathering a priceless collection, and to the duties of his
University chair, freed from the pecuniary hindrances which
usually attach to such positions. His work was entirely an
unpaid one, except by the reward that came to him with his
knowledge of his own unselfish devotion to his chosen life-
work.

No one has yet appeared to take his place, and indeed no
one may be found, unless, in grateful recognition of his dis-
tinguished services, a chair of American Archaeology is
founded at the University. All will unite, I am sure, in
approving such a foundation as the only permanent memorial
of the life-work of Dr. Daniel Garrison Brinton.

" He was not only an expounder of archaeology, but of gen-
eral anthropology — he was a man of letters ; a philologist ;
a classical scholar ; an indefatigable worker ; a cultured gen-
tleman. The founding of such a chair in the institution with
which this eminent man was so long allied seems the only fit-
ting tribute to his memory. His love of truth ; his search for
truth ; his severe criticism upon everything which bore a
shadow of untruth or suspicion, must ever be an inspiration
to all earnest workers, whether in science, literature or art."*
In such words as these has the proposal for a " Brinton
Chair ' ' been received.

If we were only mourning the loss of a great mind and
of an intellectual force we could conduct this meeting in a
cold and perfunctory way, reciting this and that of his

* Mrs. Matilda Coxe Stevenson, Bureau of American Ethnology, Washing-
ington, D. C.

14

achievements, and estimating wliat their value was to the
world of thought. But we lost more than that in Dr. Brin-
ton's death. He was a man of heart as well as of brain,
and his associates here know full well the weight of that
personality in which the affections have in their own way as
great a weight as knowledge. We want to remember not
only how he thought and spoke, but how he appeared to us
when full of that earnest, vigorous life which took such hold
upon his friends. It is a wise thought to have before this
audience the artist's delineation of his features, as it listens
to the story of his life, and I therefore, as a preliminary to
all else, introduce to you Judge Pennypacker, who will pre-
sent to the parent Society a portrait of him whom we are here
to honor.

HojST. Samuel W. Pexnyp acker, in presenting an oil por-
trait of Dr. Brinton, the gift of friends, to the American
Philosophical Society, said :

3fr. President^ Ladies and Gentlemen: — Men in different
localities and of different races vary as much in their intel-
lectual stature as in their physique, and they reach their
highest development in divers ways. Greece gave expres-
sion to her thought by the graving of marble. The Ptomans
won fame and power behind the shields of their soldiers.
The Dutch, after mastering the seas, sought commerce at the
ends of the earth, and Cape Horn, and Cape of Good Hope,
and Cape Henlopen and Cape May still attest their activity.

The people of Pennsylvania, while they have never given
very much attention to the jingle of rhyme, to story and to
romance, the amusements of a race in its infancy, have ever
been noted for their devotion to medicine, which alleviates
our sufferings, and to science, which enlarges our understand-
ing. The names of Eittenhouse and Godfrey, of Push and
Agnew and Gross, of Leidy and Cope and Brinton have ex-
tended to every centre of civilization.

Some friends, not unmindful of the importance of the
contributions to science made by Dr. Brinton, and anxious

15

that his lineaments may be preserved for future generations,
have had this portrait painted by a distinguished artist, Mr.
Thomas Eakins. The situation and surroundings are all pro-
pitious and fitting. In this Hall are collected the records of
that sect which founded the province and to which the ances-
tors of Dr. Brinton belonged. The picture itself is a repre-
sentation of that art in which Sir Benjamin "West, bom in
the neighborhood where the family of Brinton lived, reached
the highest distinction of his time. It is presented to the
oldest scientific Society in America, to which, one hundred
and fifty years ago, the scientists of New England and of
Old England, and of France as well, were proud to belong.

It is my pleasure, Mr. President, on behalf of these gener-
ous donors, to present to you, and through you to the Ameri-
can Philosophical Society, this excellent portrait.

Prof. J. W. Holland, M.D., in accepting the portrait
of Dr. Brinton on behalf of the Society, said :

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: — On behalf of the
American Philosophical Society, I have the honor to accept
this most appropriate gift and express to the donors our grate-
ful acknowledgments. In paying my tribute of admiration
for the skill of the artist, I am reminded that he studied
human anatomy at the same school, though not at the same
time with Dr. Brinton. In that college of medicine young
Brinton, at a plastic age, felt the formative influence of
teachers who were members of the American Philosophical
Society. From them he got his first bent toward surgery
and acquired the scientific habit of thought which persisted
even in his later non-medical studies. Perhaps Pancoast, or
Gross, or Bache, or Meigs may have struck from his soul the
fire of patriotism which made him an army surgeon during
the Civil War. A medical editor for twenty years, he handed
on the torch of enlightenment and moulded professional
opinion to his own liberal form. When he turned aside
from medical studies to cultivate the new ground of Ameri-
can archaeology and linguistics, it was to the Philosophical

16

Society that he brought the rich harvest of his labors. In
its transactions are garnered the ripe fruits of his research.

In this field, where the laborers are few, who will replace
him ? Who, now living, can drive such deep, straight fur-
rows ? What arm can cut such wide swaths ? What shoul-
ders can bear his load of the golden sheaves ?

While there can be no alleviation to our regret that his
voice is heard no more in our counsels, and that a master in his
special studies has been stricken at the height of his useful-
ness, it is no small gain to have this constant reminder to
serve as an inspiration to us who survive him.

Sir, your gift of the portrait of the patriot surgeon, the
man of light and leading, the learned archseologist, will be
placed in the goodly fellowship of our departed worthies, a
fit companion to the portraits of Jefierson and Franklin.

Prof. Albert H. Smyth then delivered the following
MEMORIAL ADDRESS :

We have met to do honor to an illustrious scholar, in whose
death we mourn the loss of one who has redeemed American
scholarship from any taint of narrowness or charge of incom-
pletion.

It is easy for us to lift our hearts in praise of him, but it
is difficult to deal justly and adequately, in the brief time
allowed to me, with one who touched life on so many sides,
and who won high distinction and conferred signal benefits
in so many and diverse fields. He would have been the first
to reprove extravagant eulogy, for in his modesty he took
little credit to himself for achievements that were of world-
wide importance and acceptance. He knew the immensity
of the untraveled world before him, and, single-hearted in
the pursuit of iruili^ he counted not himself to have attained,
but to be still patiently working toward that far-ofi" goal of
all intellectual endeavor.

Everywhere, at seats of learning, in erudite societies, and
among distinguished scholars — the name of Daniel Garrison
Brinton is known and honored. American scholarship in

17

him commanded respect and won the recognition of the
world. If at home his great talents were not always appre-
ciated to the height, and he was not invested with that
authority and preeminence which justly belonged to him, it
is but another distinguished illustration of the truth of Cardinal
Newman's high saying, that " the saints live in sackcloth,
and are buried in silk and purple.' '

In his own particular field of American ethnology he was
without a peer, but his intellectual interests were unusually
broad, and in widely different spheres of science and litera-
ture he commanded respectful attention. Those who knew
him were impressed by his encyclopi-edic knowledge and they
admired the symmetry of his culture. He wrought, not from
curiosity or vain ambition, but with a controlling sincerity,
at many widely different studies. He was steeped in the
classics, a dihgent reader of many modern literatures, a care-
ful student of the history of art, well trained in the physi-
cal sciences, and a bold speculator in philosophy. The most
notable fact about him was his many-sidedness. He had the
liveliest interest in all scientific progress. He was in con-
tinual fence with men in every sphere of activity, for he
never met a man from whom he did not seek to learn some-
thincr. And his vision was clearer and keener in particulars
because of his many-sidedness.

It was Emerson who said that " a man is like a bit of
Labrador spar which has no lustre as you turn it in your hand
until you come to a particular angle, then it shows deep and
beautiful colors," but in Dr. Brinton's life each facet and
angle had its lustre.

Darwin regretted that his unremitted attention to science
had destroyed his power of appreciating poetry and the
drama. No such atrophy was possible in the varied intel-
lectual experience of Dr. Brinton, He " dwelt enlarged in
alien modes of thought." He took his recreation often in
the less-known fields of literature, and one of his chief joys
was the discovery of a new author. He introduced a small
coterie with keen enthusiasm to the poems ol Clarence Man-

18

gan. And he was himself the author of an historical drama
in blank verse.

When he died — July 31, 1899 — his life-work was practi-
callj done. He left no great work unfinished, though to the
last he was fertile with new ideas and busy with new projects.

He lived the life of a retired scholar, but it was not a life
of apathetic monotony. In the truest sense he lived in the
full stream of the world. He kept pace with the march of
mind. The great questions of religion, politics, society and
science were of vital importance to him. " Humani yiihil a
me alienum puto,^^ he might well have said. To these high
things he was neither indifferent nor silent. This patient
student of difficult American lore did much to connect learn-
ing with the living forces of society. In the press and on the
lecture platform he served his generation with the same
habitual reference to truth that characterized his labors in
that obscure mine from which he brought the rich materials
of his great works upon the ethnology of the American
race.

Daniel Garrison Brinton was a native of Pennsylvania, bom
at Thornbury, in Chester county, May 13, 1837. He was
descended from English Quakers, who came to the colony of
Pennsylvania in 1684. "William Brinton, the first to come to
America, was from Nether Gournall, on the borders of Salop,
in which county the first of the name known to history,
Eobertus de Brinton, was given the manor of Longford by
Henry I, which was held by his descendants for several cen-
turies.

Upon the hereditary farm in Chester county was a " vil-
lage site " of some ancient encampment of the Delaware
Indians. Brinton' s boyish curiosity was excited by the curi-
ous fragments of Indian pottery which the ploughshare turned
out ; and with tLe collections which he made of flint arrowheads
and stone axes probably began his interest in the studies
which he was destined so mightily to advance.

The books which chiefly influenced him while yet a child,
and which with a child's eagerness he read and read again,

19

were McClintock's Antiquarian Researches and Ilumholdt's
Cosmos. Thej formed his taste and shaped his ambition.

He was prepared for college by Rev. William E. Moore, of
"West Chester, and he entered Yale College, September 13,
1854. Those who knew him then remember his fondness for
recondite learning, and his keen delight in old forgotten
folios. He won the second prize for English composition the
first term, and the first prize in the second term. In 1857 he
became editor of the Yale literary magazine. From 1858,
wben he took his B.A. at Yale, until 1860 he studied in the
Jefferson Medical College. For a year he traveled in Europe,
studjidng in Paris and Heidelberg, and returned to practise
medicine at West Chester.

In August, 1862, he entered the army as acting assistant
surgeon, and, after passing a second examination in Novem-
ber, 1862, received a commission as surgeon U. S. Volun-
teers, February 9, 1863. He saw much active service, for he
was assigned to duty with the lltli Corps of the Army ot
the Potomac, as Surgeon-in- Chief of Division, and he was at
Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and other important battles of
tbe war. After Chickamauga he was sent with the corps to
reinforce Rosecrans in East Tennessee, and took part in the
battles of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. In
November, 1863, he was made Medical Director of the 11th
Corps, and served until April, 1864, when, at his own request,
he was transferred to the U. S. Army General Hospital, at
Quincy, 111., and assigned as Surgeon in charge. Here he
remained until August 5, 1865, when he was brevetted Lieu-
tenant-Colonel of Volunteers " for meritorious services,"
and honorably discharged from the army.

In the autumn of 1863 he suffered a sunstroke which com-
pelled his retirement from field duty, and from which he
believed he never entirely recovered. He concealed his
infirmity with Spartan care, but there was always present
with, him the apprehension of apoplexy, and that craved
cautious living.

He married, September 28, 1865, Miss Sarah Tillson, of

20

Quincy, 111., and after his marriage be resided in West Ches-
ter, and practised medicine until he removed to Philadelphia,
and became assistant editor of a weekly publication called
The Medical and Surgical Reporter. In 1874 he became
editor, and from this time retired from the practice of medi-
cine and devoted himself to editorial work. After twenty
years' connection with the Medical and Surgical Reporter he
retired in 1887, in order to dedicate himself more completely
to the studies which were the passion of his life.

To cite the titles of all his publications would savor of
pedantry ; and his literary life was so varied and so busy
that a mere catalogue of his industry would more than fill
the time permitted to this brief address.

In the forty years of earnest toil between 1859, when he
published his first work, The Floridian Peninsula^ and
1899, when he left unfinished his hand-book of " racial psy-
chology," Dr. Brinton "wrote twenty-three books and a vast
miscellany of pamphlets, monographs and brochures. He
contributed forty-eight articles to the Transactions and
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, and
eightv-two papers, of which I have a record, to the Proceed-
ings of other learned bodies and to scientific periodicals.
He printed in the American Historical Magazine studies of
" The Mound Builders of the Mississippi Valley" and of
^' The Shawnees and Their Migrations." In the American
Journal of Arts and Sciences he discussed " The Ancient
Phonetic Alphabet of Yucatan " ; in the American Anti-
quarian^ " The Chief God of the Algonquins in His Charac-
ter as a Cheat and a Liar." Archseological articles were
furnished by him to the Encyclopaedia Britannica and the
Iconographic Mncyclopsedia, and many of the articles from
his unwearied pen appeared in foreign publications, in the
Annales del Museo Nacional, the Revue de Linguistique, and
the Compte Rendus of the ' ' Congr^s International des Ameri-
canistes."

It is a wide range of studies that is presented by these
multifarious papers. He travels from articles on the

21

" Chontallis and Popolucas " to the "Folk-Lore of the
Bones.'' ^ We turn over his pamphlets and find in quick
succession " Notes on the Classical Murmex," " On the
Measurement of Thought as Function," on " Left-handed-
ness in North American Aboriginal Art," and " The Etrusco-
Libyan Elements in the Song of the Arval Brethren."

In 1882 he began editing and publishing the " Library of
American Aboriginal Literature." It is with no inconsider-
able solicitude that I venture to speak of that monument of
learning, which is one of the most notable scientific enter-
prises of this country.

It is a work of such a kind and such a magnitude that it
placed its editor among the first anthropologists of the world,
and in pure science ranked him with "Whitney and Leidy
among the departed, and Furness and Lea among the living.
Of this ' ' Library ' ' eight volumes were issued, the first in
1882, the eighth in 1890, and they were designed " to put
within reach of scholars authentic materials for the study of
the languages and culture of the native races of America."

The volumes appeared in the following order :

No. I. The Chronicles of the Mayas, containing five brief
chronicles in the Maya language written shortly after the
conquest, and carrying the history of that people back many
centuries.

No. II. The Iroquois Book of Rites. Edited by Horatio
Hale.

No. III. The Comedy-Ballet of Oueguence. A curious and
unique specimen of the native comic dances, with dialogues,
called bailes, formerly common in Central America.

No. IV. A Migration Legend of the Creek Indians. Edited
by A. S. Gatschet.

No. Y. The Lendpe and Their Legends. Contains the
original text and translation of the 184 symbols of the
" Walum Olum," or " Ked Score" of the Delaware
Indians.

No. VI. The Annals of the Cakchiquels, one of the most
important historical documents of the pre-Columbian period.

22

No. VII. Ancient N'ahuatl Poetry, translation and com-
mentary upon twenty-seven songs in the original Nahuatl.

No. VIII. Big Veda Americanus. Twenty sacred chants
of the ancient Mexicans.

I must very briefly characterize Dr. Brinton's other im-
portant ethnological and linguistic studies.

The American Race, a volume of four hundred pages, was
the first attempt at a systematic classification of all the tribes
of America, North, Central and South, on the basis of lan-
guage. It defines seventy-nine linguistic stocks in North
America and sixty-one in South America. The number of
tribes named and referred to these stocks is nearly 1600.
Several of these stocks Dr. Brinton defined for the first time.

In all these difficult and often entirely new explorations
into the untraveled region of American languages, he pro-
ceeded, not as a mere dialectician, but with a constant refer-
ence of special facts to general linguistic theory. He
belonged to the non-metaphysical school of philology.
That he did not speculate upon language was a self-imposed
restraint, for he had a large knowledge of the great work of
Whitney, and was well equipped to deal theoretically with
dialects and stocks. However minute the object of Ms
study, it was highly characteristic of him that he never left
it without showing its relation to comprehensive general
truths. For in addition to his great memory he had an elec-
trical power of combination, which is found only in the
greatest scholars, whereby what else were dust from dead
men's bones, he brought into the unity of breathing life.

With regard to American languages he was a disciple of
Wilhelm von Humboldt and Prof. Steinthal, and he argued
that the phenomenon of incorporation in some of its forms
is markedly present in the vast majority, if not in all Ameri-
can tongues.

His minutely accurate knowledge of linguistic forms
enabled him to spot a forgery with unfailing promptitude.

A notable instance was the curious hoax of the Taensa lan-
guage. The Taensas were a branch of the Natchez, speaking

23

the same tongue. A volume of supposed Taensa writing was
printed in the BihKotheque Linyuistique Americaine, but the
whole document was conclusively shown by Brinton to be
the forgery of some clever young French seminarists.

In like manner he demonstrated the fraudulent inven-
tion of The Life and Adventures of William Filley, Who was
Stolen by the Indians.

His judgment and knowledge were so well understood and
respected that he was universally recognized as the final
arbiter in all doubtful questions relating to the American
race. Upon the authenticity of alleged Indian picture
writings or the antiquity of prehistoric bones found in
Florida or Alaska he was expected to pass judgment, and his
verdict was final.

He contested with unanswerable force the prevalent
hypothesis of the Asiatic origin of Mexican and Central
American civilization. He rebuked with fine irony the pre-
tensions of those flighty scholars who are now and then off
like a rocket for an airy whirl in the clouds. He demanded
that the ethnologist should understand and respect the prin-
ciples of phonetic variation, of systematic derivation, of the
historic comparison of languages, of grammatic evolution
and morphologic development that, in a word, he should
be linked to the shore with towing ropes of science. He
concluded his pamphlet On Various Supposed Relations
Between the American and Asian Races with these words :

" Do any of the numerous languages and innumerable
dialects of America present any affinities, judged by the
standards of the best modern linguistic schools, which would
bring them into genetic relationship with any of the dialects
of Asia ? I believe I have a right to speak with some
authority on this subject, for the American languages have
constituted the principal study of my life ; and I say unhesi-
tatingly that no such affinities have been shown ; and 1 say
this with an abundant acquaintance with such works as The
Prehistoric Comparative Philology of Dr. Hyde Clark ; with
the writings of the Rev. John Campbell, who has discovered

24

the Hittite language in America before we have learned
where it was in Asia ; with the laborious Comparative
Philology of Mr. E. P. Greg ; with the Amerikanisch-
Asiatische Etymologien of the ardent Americanist Mr. Julius
Platzmann ; with the proof that the Nahautl is an Aryan
language furnished by the late Director of the National Mu-
seum of Mexico, Senor Gumesindo Mendoza ; with Varnha-
gen's array of evidence that the Tupi and Carib are Turanian
dialects imported into Brazil from Liberia ; with the Abb^
Petitot's conviction that the Tinneh of Canada is a Semitic
dialect ; with Naxera's identification of the Otomi with the
Chinese ; and with many more such scientific vagaries
which, in the auctioneer's phrase, are too tedious to mention.

' ' When I see volumes of this character, many involving
prolonged and arduous research on the part of the authors
and a corresponding sacrifice of pleasant things iu other
directions, I am affected by a sense of deep commiseration
for able men who expend their efforts in pursuit of such
will-o'-the-wisps of science, panting along roads which lead
nowhere, inattentive to the guide-posts which alone can
direct them to solid ground."

Brinton's studies in the origin and character of the native
religions of the Western Continent, which began with The
Myths of the New World: A Treatise on the Symbolism and
Mythology of the Red Race of America^ and were continued
in American Hero Myths^ found their natural fruition in the
important work entitled The Religious Sentiment : A Contri-
bution to the Science and Philosophy of Religions. The science
of religion continued to occupy his thought until in 1897 he
published his lectures upon Religions of Primitive Peoples,
in some respects his chief contribution to the literature of
science. He eloquently interpreted the doctrine of mental
unity, arguing for the spontaneous genesis of religion, con-
tending that parallel opinions prevailing among widely sepa-
rated people did not prove a derivation of ideas. The main
thesis of the volume, that the human mind is everywhere in
direct contact with the divine, and that therefrom results a

25

spontaneous origination of religious belief, seems to be
almost a reminiscence of the Quakerism in which Dr. Brin-
ton was bred.

Brinton was not a sequestered scholar. He delighted to
talk with men. He never praised cloistered virtues or
sympathized with the ascetic life. In private friendship he
was loyal and delightful ; in social companionship, easy,
polished, good-humored, the ideal ot complete gentlemanhood.
He was an image of integrity, simplicity and taste, always
eager to acknowledge the merits of his fellow-students,
always ready to help others at hard parts of the way. His
friends loved him, and he never disappointed or repelled.
He was tolerant, gentle, self-denving, of most democratic
temper — equally at home in the company of scholars, peers
or laborers.

His love of social intercourse and his sense of obligation to
the great guild of intellect and scholarship brought him into
membership in many societies. Twenty-six American socie-
ties are represented at this Memorial meeting, and he was a
member of at least as many more in France, Italy, Germany,
Russia and Spain. He belonged, for example, to the An-
thropological Societies of Berlin and Vienna, the Ethno-
graphical Societies of Paris and Florence, the Royal Society
of Antiquaries at Copenhagen, and the Royal Academy of
History of Madrid. He was medaled by the Societe Ameri-
caine de France, diplomatized by Yale and the University of
Pennsylvania, a Founder of the Reale Societa Didascalica
Ttaliana and an 0£icier de V Instruction Pahlique. He was
Professor of Ethnology and Archaeology in the Academy of
Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, Professor of American
Linguistics and Archseology in the University of Pennsyl-
vania, a President of the Numismatic and Antiquarian
Society of Philadelphia, President of the American Associ-
ation for the Advancement of Science, President of the
American Folk-Lore Society, and Vice-President of the
International Congress of Americanistes, at Paris.

He became a member of the American Philosophical Soci-

26

ety, April 16, 1869. He was elected Curator, January 5, 1877,
and continued in office until the close of 1897. He was a
Secretary of the Society from January 2, 1880, until the
close of 1895. And he was Chairman of the Publication
Committee at the time of his death.

He was appointed to represent this Society at the follow-
ing Congresses :

Congr^s des Americanistes, at Copenhagen, September,
1884.

Congrtis des Americanistes, at Stockholm, September,
1894.

Congres des Americanistes, at Havre, 1897.

And he also represented the Society at the memorial meet-
ing in honor of Dr. G. Brown Goode, 1897.

In conversation and in correspondence he gave freely and
generously of his astonishing stores of wide and accurate
knowledge. He wrote fluently and talked eloquently, and
upon the lecture platform was extremely happy in the art of
clear and cogent statement. He worked patiently to improve
his style in both written and spoken discourse. Through his
successive volumes the attentive reader may observe the
constant gain of power and freedom of expression until he
is delighted by the grace and mobility of diction in The
Pursuit of Happiness and Religions of Primitive Peoples.
"With like patience and persistence he overcame natural
disabilities of speech and gave tone and character to a voice
that was unpleasantly marked by the wiry twang of Southern
Pennsylvania.

I have already referred to his interest in art and literature.
Few men were more familiar than he with the great galleries
of Europe, and he had an unusual acquaintance with the
poetry of many languages. He was catholic in his tastes.
He frequently spoke and read before the Browning Society ;
he was an ardent admirer of Walt Whitman ; and he said
that he had often gone to Tennyson for light upon scientific
perplexities.

His admiration of Walt Whitman and his fondness for

the realism of Ibsen and Zola proceeded doubtless from his
scientific training. Music was the only art in which he pro-
fessed no enjoyment. He was fond of quoting Jules Janin :
" Music is an expensive noise."

In 1897 he published Maria Candelaria: An Historic
Drama from American Aboriginal Life. The scene of the
drama is the extreme southeastern State of the Republic of
Mexico, and the story is taken from the life of Cancuc, or
Maria Candelaria, an Indian girl, a priestess of the Nagua-
lists and the heroine of the revolt of the Tzeutals in 1712,
whom Dr. Brinton calls " the American Joan of Arc."
It was written in blank verse which is smooth and agreeable
albeit slightly mechanical.

Brinton knew that the highest art is the art to live. In
his Pursuit of Happiness he says, " What nobler compli-
ment could be paid a man than this, which Yittoria Colonna
wrote to Michael Angelo, ' You have disposed the labor of
your whole life as one single great work of art ' ? " His sym-
pathies were as many-sided as his knowledge. Social and
religious questions which affected individuality and the con-
duct of life were the subjects of deepest interest and con-
cern to him. " The aim of Science," he said, " is the Real ;
of Art, the Ideal ; of Action, Happiness. It is for religion
to unite this trinity into a unity in each individual life."
The sentiment of religion was strongly innate in his charac-
ter. He was naturally reverent, and he always protested
against the heedless surrender of legitimate pieties which
elevate and consecrate human life. One frequently comes,
in his philosophical reflections, upon such a sentence as
" We are justified in retaining a reasonable and holy hope
that the victory of the grave is not eternal." But his
faith never fixed itself to form. He had no sympathy with
dogma. Upon such questions he sometimes spoke before
the Ethical Culture Society, and he was always fearless
though modest in the presentation of his views, however
much they might be at variance with the thought of the
time. He stood at all times for individualism, saying, " The

28

greatest teachers have not desired disciples, but friends.
They have never exerted authority, and when they could not
persuade or convince they have sought no proselytes. To
them the independence of the individual mind has been of
more importance than the dissemination of any article of faith
or element of instruction. Spinoza, Herder, Wilhelm von
Humboldt, our own Emerson, have all in spirit joined with
Goethe in singing that the secret of the highest happiness of
man rests in the preservation of his own free personality : —

' Hochstes Gliick der Erdenkinder,
Sei nur die Personlichkeit.'

Dreamers are constantly devising schemes by which the
idle and incompetent may live off the proceeds of the dili-
gent ; labor unions deprive their members of the liberty of
speech and the liberty of work ; socialism would reduce all
to a common level ; syndicates and trusts break down indi-
vidual enterprise ; sectarian colleges limit their calls to pro-
fessors who will echo their tenets ; and thus in all directions
the free growth of the individual is hemmed in by the hedges
of prejudice, tradition, creed and false theory."

He liked to take life at right angles. I mean that he was
wont to question his friends, or, indeed, chance acquaint-
ances, as to their ideal of life, their purpose in life, and their
notion of happiness. It was out of such colloquies that his
book upon the Pursuit of Happiness grew, in which the
wisdom of a philosophic and observant life is framed into a
gospel. In Europe and America he sought the society of
anarchists, and mingled sometimes with the malcontents of
the world that he might appreciate their grievance and weigh
their propositions of reform or change.

In politics Brinton was an ardent patriot. He believed in
the immense future of America. His frequent residence
abroad never estranged him from his country. His cheerful
optimism suffered no eclipse. After America I think his
interests were with France. He understood the French
people, and he enjoyed French life. His chief friends among

29

foreign Americanistes were in Paris — the Comte de Charency,
the Marquis de JSTadailiac, and Prince Roland Bonaparte.
He was a social creature, a man of cities and of streets, and
it was with an unfailing and youthful joy that he returned to
Paris to wander

" Thro' wind and rain and wateh the Seine,
And feel the Boulevard break again
To warmth and light and bliss."

Science has suffered a serious loss in the death of Dr.
Brinton, but to his friends the loss is irreparable. He is
buried in our hearts. But a little while ago and he moved
among us with a firm step and an alert bearing. He seemed
so cheerful, so happy, so vigorous and so young. Suddenly
that alertness was shaken, and the vital forces swiftly failed.
He was spared the " cold gradations of decay." He had
lived a blameless, devoted and beneficent life. His work is
permanent and valuable. He could say with Landor : "I
have warmed both hands before the fire of life. It sinks,
and I am ready to depart."

Rev. Jesse Y. Burk said :

Mr. Chairman. Ladies and Gentlemen: — To me has been
assigned the grateful duty of presenting, in the name of Dr.
Brinton' s family, a complete set of his printed works to the
American Philosophical Society. I need not dwell on the
appropriateness of the gift. You witnessed the gift to the
same Society of that admirable portrait, so soon to find its
place among those of the great men whose genius and whose
labors have made its name illustrious. For generations to
come men shall see what manner of man Dr. Brinton was in
his outward appearance, and glean from the painter's art
some inkling of what was a cherished reality to us. But no
Lavater can read in the pictured face what were the workings
of the brain behind it ; and to justify these gracious memo-
rials, and the places of honor we shall give them, men who
come after us must be told what this man thought and felt.
We want that autobiography of his own heart and brain

30

wMch a man unconsciously makes when he puts into written
words the result of study in his chosen themes.

Here, then, in the works of Dr. Brinton is the comple-
ment of the portrait of Dr. Brinton, and together they form
as nearly a complete memorial as we may hope to have.
You have heard from others — those of you who do not know
— the scope and quality of these books, the wide range of
ethnological research, the wonderful linguistic ability revealed
in them, their rigid scientific method, their manifest sincerity,
or, when occasion served, the delicate and poetic fancy of the
poet and the dramatist ; but all alike models of purity in
style. The most of them are " books triumphant." There
will, no doubt, be wonderful discoveries in our American
archaeology and some improvements in our arch^ological
methods ; but no future archaeologist can afford to overlook
the works of Brinton, or have occasion to do over again what
in some of them Brinton has done once for all.

They are worthily bestowed upon that venerable Society
in whose halls Dr. Brinton found such congenial friendship,
to which, as to a mother, he swiftly brought the spoils of
every research afield, to whose honor and to whose welfare
he gave so much of thought and time. For these institu-
tions are unchanging and enduring. They keep with zealous
care what is committed to their trust. The marble will
have grown illegible outdoors, while this portrait and these
volumes are still eloquent of him whose memory we cherish.

There is just one other thought that I desire to express.
They whom I represent to-night pretend to no skill in archee-
ology and are confessedly ignorant of aboriginal dialects.
And yet, when they make this offering, they are giving of
their very own, for they had their own share in the making
of it — they gave something that these books might be writ-
ten. You look upon a masterpiece of Bernard Palissy, and
you recognize in his handiwork not only tbe cunning crafts-
man, but the high-souled artist, the intense lover of Nature,
the incorrupt and strenuous man. But can you recall the
story of those ceramic triumphs without a memory of

31

Madame Palissy, and the part that slie had in their making
— the long, patient waiting, the unfaltering trust, the surren-
der of the very conveniences of life, the supreme sacrifice
of the wedding ring ? It is so in some measure with every
artist, every poet, every brain worker who is blessed with a
family. The hours of his devotion at his chosen shrine are
very long, and the uncomprehended mysteries of his craft
so utterly absorb him, there are so often absences from home,
and hours at home when the household move softly and
keep aloof from the studio because the master is at work.

" Grave Alice, and laughing Allegra, and Edith with golden hair,"

rush into Longfellow's study to take him by assault ; but it
is down the broad stairway — for the nursery is on another
floor — and it is in the twilight hour, when book and pen must
be laid aside. And when the artist is of the sunny and
genial spirit that this our friend was, when every hour of
his presence and his companionship is something to be prized
— then, I tell you that folded into the leaves of these vol-
umes, which represent a lifetime of arduous study, are surren-
ders and sacrifices that give to the family of Dr. Brinton a
share in their production, and it is of their very own that
they now offer to you this memorial of him whom they
love. Accept them, I pray you, as something more than
mere additions to your Library. Let it be of record how
and whence they came, and count them as a loving tribute
alike to the venerable Society and to the memory of Dr.
Brinton.

Mr. Joseph G. Eosengaeten, in accepting, on behalf of the
American Philosophical Society, a collection of the works
of the late Dr. Brinton, at the Memorial Meeting, said :

There can be no more appropriate and enduring memorial
of Dr. Brinton than this collection of his writings. In them
he lives again, and his name will be fittingly perpetuated,
on the shelves of the Library of the Philosophical Society,
rich in the productions of its members, in the broad fields

32

of literature and science. Nothing better testifies tlie wide
scope of his studies, the broad reach of his learning, and the
remarkable skill and ability with which he handled the vast
extent of his work. In archaeology, in linguistics, in pre-
historic research, in science and literature he has won a dis-
tinguished place, and this collection of his works serves to
show the milestones of his steady progress as a student, as
an author and as a teacher. Apart from his purely profes-
sional medical work (and his contributions in that direction
were both numerous and valuable) he has left in his books
an enduring memorial of his many-sided literary activity.

It was not enough for Dr. Brinton to master the early lan-
guages of this continent, but he reduced his knowledge to
accurate statements of detail of value to future students,
and his contributions on this subject alone will always be
of value. His Lowell Institute Lectures, too, remain a
permanent acquisition to a better knowledge of comparative
religions, and through them shine his remarkable acquisition
of knowledge and his ability to set it forth in clear, terse,
plain statements of fact and well-reasoned arguments and
well-established conclusions. Those of us who remember the
charm of his addresses and lectures, his enthusiasm in setting
forth in logical order his reasons and his deductions, will
read with heightened interest the printed pages of the books
that gave his learning freely to the world, and made it the
richer for his contributions to its stock of useful knowledge.
Nowhere better than in the Library of the American Philo-
sophical Society can his works be placed, for there they will
serve to perpetuate his name, and to inspire younger genera-
tions of students and scholars with his own zeal for learning
and teaching.

On behalf of the Philosophical Society I accept these
works by Dr. Brinton, as a memorial of his contributions to
that body, and to the world of science, of research and of
learning. His kindly and genial features will, I hope, be
perpetuated by a portrait on its walls, thus enrolling him in
its gallery of worthies already there, and his writings now

33

presented will be preserved in its Library, as the contribu-
tions made by him from time to time on the great variety of
subjects mastered by him. Such a collection may well be
the best and most lasting memorial of such a scholar, and
while his own largo library goes to the University of Penn-
sylvania, there to encourage others to pursue the subjects to
which he gave so many and such fruitful years of study, his
books will be the best proof that his service to science has
an enduring value for all time.

I thank you, and through you the family of Dr. Brinton,
for this gift, and I am assured that the members of the
Philosophical Society will receive and preserve these volumes
with a grateful sense of the great work done by Dr. Brinton.

Prof, F. W. Putnam, of the Department of American
Archaeology and Ethnology in Harvard University, also
representing the American Association for the Advancement
of Science, said :

Gentlemen and Friends of the man lohose memory we are
here to honor : — It is to be regretted that Major Powell is not
here to give the address which he would have given in his
eloqiient words. My personal tribute to our friend was
offered on a former occasion and my remarks to-night will
be brief.

It has been susrsrested that there should be some lasting
memorial to the memory of Dr. Brinton. We have before
us, in these many volumes, his literary works which will live
forever ; we have here his portrait, in which we recognize
one whom we knew and whom we honored, which will be
hung upon these walls in company with other honored sons of
Pennsylvania. But there is something more that I think
should be done to perpetuate his memory in the University
with which he was connected, and in this city. The Pro-
vost of the University has suggested the foundation of a
Professorship of Archteology, or rather, allow me to say.
of Anthropology, covering the whole subject in the broad
way in which Dr. Brinton himself covered it in his lectures

34

to his students. If the University could establish such a
professorship, not only would it be honoring the memory
of Dr. Brinton, but it would also be giving further aid and
encouragement to that branch of American science which
he loved so well and worked so earnestly to advance. I
hope something tangible will come of this suggestion. It
will certainly meet with the hearty approval and cooperation
of all workers in anthropology throughout the country.

There is another proposition that I should like to see car-
ried out as a memorial to Dr. Brinton. Our friend had the
good fortune to collect a large library of works upon American
languages, as well as upon other branches of the great sub-
ject which he studied, and this library he gave to the Uni-
versity. In this collection are many valuable manuscripts
which will be made accessible to students. Among them
there is a Maya Dictionary with manuscript additions by Be-
rendt, and it seems to me that it would be a grand memorial
to Dr. Brinton if the University would publish this work
as a memorial volume. It would be a great aid to the
students who are engaged in the study of the old civilizations
of Mexico and Central America, and certainly this would be
furthering the research in which Dr. Brinton was so greatly
interested and to which he gave so much of his thought and
time. May we not hope that this subject will receive the
consideration of the authorities of the University ?

Mr. Stewart Cdlin said :

Mr. President : — I have the honor to present to you, as a
gift to the American Philosophical Society from the Numis-
matic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia, a bronze
medal of Dr. Brinton, struck by the Society which I repre-
sent, in commemoration of the fortieth anniversary of its
existence and the fifteenth of his Presidency.

Dr. Brinton was the leading and inspiring spirit of the An-
tiquarian Society for many years. The Society offers this
medal as a tribute to his many services to science and a
memorial of personal friendship and esteem on the part of
its individual members.

35

Dr. J. Cheston Morkis replied :

The Eoman poet. Ilorace gave us as his epitaph —

' ' Exegi monumentuin £ere perennius !
Non omnis moriar ! "

So might our friend's lasting renown be well founded on
the works written by him, a copy of which has just been
presented to and received by the American Philosophical
Society, in which and for which he labored so long and faith-
fully. By them " he, being dead, yet speakcth."

But there is a longing, born of sympath}^, in the human
breast to know something of the human form, the efl&gies, of
those whom we love and admire, and which the painter and
sculptor try to satisfy. The materials they employ, however,
are themselves so subject to the wearing tooth of time, so
liable to the vicissitudes of existence, that the enduring
bronze has been in all ages chosen as the best means of por-
traying to future generations the features of those honored
and renowned among men. To the study of the human race,
as illustrated by medals and coins, their faithful contempo-
rary records, our friend had long devoted his energies, and it
is therefore eminently fitting that his own likeness should
thus be added to the grand collection of the American Philo-
sophical Society, which was for so many years in the cus-
tody of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society over which
he presided, and was then at his request deposited in the
Pennsylvania Museum of Industrial Art at Memorial Hall.

On behalf of the American Philosophical Society, there-
fore, I hereby accept this beautiful, permanent and speaking
memento of our late friend and honored member, and tender
the thanks of the American Philosophical Society for it to
the donors, the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society.

36

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37

Dr. W. J. McGee then delivered the following address on
the ethnological work of Dr. Brinton :

With the discovery of the New World, a series of new
interests entered the minds of men. One of the most cap-
tivating of these clustered about the Eed People of the new-
found continents and islands ; and this interest was whetted
by travelers' tales galore, always high-colored and often
romantic. As exploration proceeded, the semi-romances
grew into sober reality, as is ever the way of advancing
knowledge, and the problems of the Red People assumed
serious import throughout the intellectual world ; and in
good time the New ^Vorld natives were slowly brought under
systematic investigation by students and statesmen. At first
the investigations were conducted in accordance with a plan
imported from trans- Atlantic laboratories and universities ;
and during this period American students made various
contributions to the budding science of ethnology, among
which the classic work of Samuel Gr. Morton stood well
toward the fore if not in the lead. Meantime other aspects
of the problems presented by the Red Men pressed on the
citizens of the active republic planted in the Western world,
and in response to the pressure an essentially distinct science
arose — the science of men, considered not as animals but as
human beings, and classified by what they do rather than by
what they merely are. This may be called the New Ethnol-
ogy, and it may fairly be deemed America's contribution
to the sisterhood of sciences.

The leading pioneer in the New Ethnology was Albert
Gallatin, a statesman by profession, though a scientist by
predilection, who essayed to classify the thousand tribes ot
the United States by their language, and who thereby founded
inductive Philology as a branch of the Science of Men ;
when his work was done, his mantle passed down to the
shoulders of Horatio Hale, who did noble service in shaping
the science to the needs of critical students. The second
pioneer in the New Ethnology caught inspiration from Gal-
latin, yet blazed a new path in the wilderness of aboriginal

38

relationsMps ; this was Lewis H. Morgan, who essayed to
classify the Eed People in terms of their own social organi-
zation, and thereby founded inductive Sociology as a second
branch of the Science of Men. The third pioneer in the
New Ethnology, whose career overlapped that of Morgan,
pushed into the very depths of the most closely entangled
aboriginal relationshijDS, and essayed — albeit cautiously and
haltingly, as befitted the difficulty of the subject — to discuss
and classify the Red People in terms of their own myths
and beliefs ; and thereby he laid the foundation for an
inductive Mythology (now called Sophiology) as a definite
branch of the Science of Men. This third pioneer was
Daniel Garrison Brinton. Other pioneers came after to
found subsciences of the arts and industries of the abo-
rigines, and finally to weld the series into the present well-
rounded Science of Men ; most of these workers still live
and continue adding to the light shed by the science on the
entrancing problems of humanity, yet the growing radiance
but brings out in stronger relief the enduring foundations
laid down by the three pioneers, Gallatin, Morgan and Brin-
ton. All honor to these pioneers, whose work lives after
them to our common benefit !

The trio of founders of the New Ethnology wrought
diversely, yet each in a manner befitting his temperament
and his times. Gallatin gathered inspiration partly from the
Red People themselves, but largely from travelers, and in
only small degree from the books ; while his results, albeit
foreshadowed in letters and addresses, were summarized in a
single memoir of modest air and meagre volume — i. e., his
contribution shines out as a single brilliant flash of genius.
Morgan delved deeply in the language and lore of the Red
People themselves, engaged in extensive correspondence, and
pored over the literature of all primitive peoples ; his results
reached the world through several publications, notably a
noble monograph issued by the Smithsonian Institution ; so
that his great contribution exemplifies the genius of work
rather than that of inspiration, the method of creation rather

39

than that of discovery. Influenced more by the second
pioneer than the first, and constrained by conditions beyond
his control, Brinton wrought slowly in laying his foundation,
gathering his facts more largely from wide correspondence
and stupendous literary search than from the tribesmen
themselves ; his results were forecast in minor publications of
the later 50's, and partially systematized in a notable work
{The Myths of the New World) a decade later, yet were
finally shaped only in his latest and richest contribution to
the literature of science, Religions of Primitive Peoples,
1897 ; hence his great achievement, like that of Morgan,
expresses at once the genius of work and the method of
science. The three contributions were alike in that (althongb
based substantially on inductive work among the Red People
of America) each affords a sure foundation for the Science of
Men throughout the continents and islands of the entire
earth.

While Brinton' s name stands among those of the pioneers,
he was much more — he was an actual settler and an active
producer, as well as a wilderness-breaker. Partly by reason
of the complexity of his special line — a line woven from the
strands running through all the simpler activities — partly
because of his own remarkable versatility, Brinton trod the
entire domain of humanity's science, and wherever his foot-
steps fell there soon sprang golden harvests. Particularly
noteworthy were his contributions to aboriginal linguistics in
his classic ' ' Library of American Aboriginal Literature ' ' ;
hardly less important were his contributions to primitive
technology (including archa3ology), albeit made chiefly in
notes and minor papers ; while science owes him a special
debt for such general contributions as The American Race,
1892, and Races and Peoples, 1890, Largely because of his
versatility and his unsurpassed facility of expression through
pen and tongue, he came to be regarded as a leading expo-
nent of American Ethnology ; his position as a spokesman
for a science was curiously like that of the elder Dana in
geology, in that both were in chief measure reworkers of
raw material produced by others, rather than original pro-

40

ducers ; yet both assorted and spun and wove their threads
with such consummate skill as to please the often supersen-
sitive gatherers of the fibres no less than the often hypercriti-
cal users of the fabrics. Brinton's breadth of range and his
unsurpassed skill as an expositor of science stood out among
his other strong characteristics, and placed him well forward
among the leaders in American Ethnology throughout the
quarter-century of his intellectual maturity.

In one respect Brinton held a unique position among his
fellow-ethnologists — he was the leading ethnologic critic of
the country, if not of the world. A voracious yet judicious
reader, a vigorous yet discriminating thinker, and a cour-
ageous yet courteous writer, it fell to him more than any con-
temporary to dispense encouragement and advice, as well as
rebuke and warning, among the multitude of aspirants for
ethnologic prestige ; and an important part of his life-record
appears in numberless notes and reviews in several scientific
journals, and still more innumerable personal letters. By
some his verdicts were deemed severe, and there were some
notable appeals and a few cases of long-nurtured bitterness
against him ; yet there are none to scan the entire course of
the Brintonian tribunal and say that, on the whole, its influ-
ence was not salutary. The just judge cannot hope to escape
revilement by some, yet he may hope to earn the respect —
albeit silent — of the majority, and to add a pillar to the tem-
ple of justice even if he leave no monument in his own
memory ; and it may be aflirmed with full confidence that
Brinton's judicial utterances brought him much more of
respect than of contumely, and materially strengthened the
superstructure of the science to which his life was devoted.
It is not too much to say that a considerable portion of
American ethnologic utterances during the last decade were
really addressed to an audience of one, and that one the
fearless critic of Philadelphia ; and a score of expressions
of sorrow at his loss have been coupled with sighs of regret
that late-born brain-children have missed the baptism of
public mark at his hands.

41

It is not vouchsafed unto men, any more than to other
things weighed and measured by the ever- varying standards
of human thought, to attain perfection ; and Brinton was no
more infalhble than other diligent and conscientious creators
of knowledge. His very versatility stood in the way of that
thoroughness in specialties which appeals to the average
scientist ; his inability to gather data more largely at first
hand rendered him in some measure a closet student — that
thing of often undue reproach among original workers. Be-
ginning his researches with the dawn of the Science of Men,
he inherited a tinge of scholasticism and perhaps a taint of
mysticism to interweave his splendid fabrics in slender
threads of weaker fibre ; yet these sources of weakness are
conspicuous only by contrast with the excellences of his
work, and by no means demean its current and permanent
value.

So the survey of Brinton' s ethnologic work in its entirety
serves but to show in clear light the profound debt of the
Science of Men to his genius and assiduity. He was the
third pioneer in the New Ethnology, and the founder of that
subscience which deals with the myths and beliefs of primi-
tive peoples ; he was a frequent and luminous contributor to
all other branches of the science ; and he was the foremost
critic, constructive as well as destructive, of his generation.
Brinton' s name must be writ large and strong in the history
of Humanity's Science.

42

BIBLIOGEAPHY.

By STEWART CULIN.

The basis of the following list is an annotated bibliography
down to 1892 prepared and printed by Dr. Brinton. In De-
cember, 1897, Prof. F. W. Putnam printed a list of titles
from information furnished by Dr. Brinton. In November,
1898, Dr. Brinton printed a " Eecord of Study in Aboriginal
American Languages," giving a list of his chief works and
papers on American linguistics, with descriptive comment.

Reviews of books, short notes, purely literary articles and
medical writings have not been included here, the object
being to furnish a reference list of original contributions to
science. Papers reprinted separately are marked with a star.

1859.

Notes on the Floridian Peninsula, its Literary History, Indian
Tribes and Antiquities. 8vo, cloth, pp. 202. Joseph Sabin,
Philadelphia, 1859.

Based upon observations made during a residence of some months in
the peninsula.

1866.
The Shawnees and their Migrations, pp. 4. Historical Maga-
zine, Vol. X, pages 1-4, January, 1866 (Morrisania, New York).

Traces the wanderings of the Shawnees, in the eighteenth century,
from the Savannah to the Susquehanna rivers.

The Mound-builders of the Mississippi Valley, pp. 5. Histori-
cal Magazine, Vol. xi, pages 33-37, February, 1866.

This article was the first attempt to prove by documentary evidence
that the Mound -builders belonged to the present race of Indians and
were probably related to well-known tribes.

Early Spanish Mining in Northern Georgia, pp. 3. Historical
Magazine, Vol. x, pages 137-139, May, 1866.

Adduces evidence to show that the gold mines of northern Georgia
were worked by the Spaniards of the seventeenth century.

Artificial Shell Deposits in the United States, pp. 3. Annual
Report of the Smithsonian Institution for the year 1866, pages 356-

358.

Relates principally to the shell deposits on the Tennessee river.

43

1867.

* The Natchez of Louisiana, an Offshoot of the Civilized Nations
of Central America, pp. 3. Historical Magazine, Vol. i, second
series, pages 16-18, January, 1867.

A suggestion of linguistic aflSnities based on inadequate materials.
The Myths of Manibozho and loskeha. pp. 4. Historical Mag-
azine, Vol. ii, second series, pages 3-6, July, 1867.

Describes briefly the traits of these two analogous figures in Algonkin
and Iroquois mythology.

A New Imposition, p. i. Historical Magazine, Vol. ii, second
series, page 180, September, 1867.

Shows the fraudulent character of the work entitled " Life and Ad-
ventures of William Filley, who was Stolen by the Indians, ' ' etc.

1868.

The Myths of the New World. A Treatise on the Symbolism
and Mythology of the Red Race of America, pp. 307. Leypoldt
& Holt, New York, 1868.

This work aims by a comparison and analysis of numerous native
American religions to set forth the general principles of mythology,
symbolism and rite which are common to all, and which prove an iden-
tity of type among them. Its chapters treat of the idea of God ; the
sacred number (four) : the symbols of the bird and the serpent ; myths
of water, fire and the thunder storm ; of the creation, deluge and last
day ; of the origin of man and the destiny of the soul.

The Abbe Brasseur and his Labors, pp. 8. Lippincotf s Maga-
zine, Vol. i, pages 79-86, January, 1868.

A sketch of the life and works of this eminent Americanist, the Abbe
E. C. Brasseur de Bourbourg, with extracts from the Popol Vuh, in the
original Kiche, and translated.

1869.

Remarks on the Nature of the Maya Group of Languages, pp.
3. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xi,
pages 4-6, January, 1869.

Gives a brief account of the grammatical structure of the Maya dia-
lects, with some reference to their literature.

A Notice of Some Manuscripts in Central American Languages,
pp. 9. American Journal of Science and Arts (New Haven), Vol.
xlvii, pages 222-230, March, 1869.

Describes unpublished MSS. in the Choi and Cakchiquel dialects of
the Maya, especially the Dictionaries of Goto and Varela.

44

Remarks on the MS. Arawack Vocabulary of Schultz. p. 2.
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xi, pages
1 1 3-1 1 4, May, 1869.

A note announcing the identification by the writer of the primitive
tongue of the West Indies with the Arawack of South America.
A Guide Book of Florida and the South, for Tourists, Invalids
and Emigrants. With a Map of the St. John's River, pp. 136
George Maclean, Philadelphia, 1869.

A work intended for practical purposes only.

1870.

Grammar of the Choctaw Language. Prepared by the Rev.
Cyrus Byington and edited by Dr. Brinton. pp. 50. Proceedings
of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xi, pages 31 7-36 7 j Feb-
ruary, 1870.

The only grammar of this language ever published, and the result of
forty years' study by an American missionary.
Contributions to a Grammar of the Muskokee Language, pp. 9.
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xi, pages
301-309, March, 1870.

Based on original materials obtained from residents on the Creek
Eeservation.

* The National Legends of the Chahta-Muskokee Tribes, pp. 13.
Historical Magazine, Vol. ii, second series, pages 11 8-1 26, 1870.

Contains the original legend of the Creeks, as preserved in picture-
writing on a buffalo skin, and translated by their chief, Chekilli, in
1735. This publication formed the basis of Number IV of Brinton's
Library of Aboriginal American Literature, "A Migration Legend of
the Creek Indians," edited by l^Ir. Albert S. Gatchet (1884).

*The Ancient Phonetic Alphabet of Yucatan, pp. 6. American
Bibliopolist, Vol. ii, pages 143-148, April and May, 1870.

The first reproduction in America of Landa's celebrated Maya al-
phabet.

1871.

* The Arawack Language of Guiana in its Linguistic and Ethno-
logical Relations. 410. pp. 18. Transactions of the American
Philosophical Society, Vol. xiv, pages 427-444.

Shows that the natives of the Bahamas and Antilles at the discovery
were of Arawack stock ; contains an analytical vocabulary of the Taino,
or native language of Haiti, proving it to be Arawack.

45

1873.

* On the Language of the Natchez, pp. 17. Proceedings of the
American Philosophical Society, Vol. xiii, pages 483-499, Decem-
ber, 1873.

Presents a vocabulary of several hundred words obtained from a
native of the tribe, with a discussion on their affinities.

1876.

The Myths of the New World. A Treatise on the Symbolism
and Mythology of the Red Race of America, pp. 331. New
York, 1876.

The second edition of this work.
The Religious Sentiment ; Its Source and Aim. A Contribution
to the Science and Philosophy of Religion, pp. 284. New York,
Henry Holt & Company, 1876.

A general examination of the origin of religioQs. The author says in
his preface : " The main questions I have had bef jre me are such as :
What led men to imagine gods ? What still prompts enlightened na-
tions to worship? Is religion a transient phase of development? Is
faith the last ground of adoration, or is reason?" etc. The chapters
treat of the emotional and the rational elements of the religious senti-
ment, prayer, myths, cults, the momenta of religious thought, etc.

1878.

The Brinton Family, pp. 60. Media, 1878.
(One hundred copies privately printed.)

1879.

Obituary Notice of Dr. Isaac Hays. Proceedings of the American
Philosophical Society, Vol. xviii, pages 259-260, May, 1879.

1880.

The Society's Name. Proceedings of the American Philosophical
Society, Vol. xviii, pages 553-558, March, 1880.

Address at celebration of the one hundredth anniversary of the
Society.

Obituary Notice of Dr. John Neill. Proceedings of the American
Philosophical Society, Vol. xix, pages 161-162, November, 1880.

1881.

Memoir of S, S. Haldeman, A.M., Ph.D., etc. pp. 7. Pro-
ceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xix, pages 279-
285, February, 1881.

46

* Notes on the Codex Troano and Maya Chronology, pp. 6.
American Naturalist, Vol. xv, pages 719-724, September, 1881.

An explanation of certain obscure points in the calendar of the ancient
Mayas.

The Probable Nationality of the Mound-builders, pp. 10.
American Antiquarian, Vol. iv, pages 9-18, October, 1881.

Maintains the probability that the builders of the Ohio mounds were
of the same stock as the mound-building tribes found by early explorers
in the area of the Gulf States.

The Names of the Gods in the Kiche Myths, Central America,
pp. 38. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol.
xix, pages 613-647, November.

An analysis of the names of the divinities mentioned in the Popol
Vuh, and an eifort to define their attributes.

1882.

American Hero-Myths. A Study in the Native Religions of the
Western Continent, pp. 251. Philadelphia, H. C. Watts & Co.,
1882.

A monograph on the myth of the "culture hero," or legendary civil-
izer and tribal deity so common among American tribes. That he was
generally represented of fair complexion adds interest to the subject.
Kepresentative figures treated are Quetzalcoatl, Viracocha, Michabo,
Itzamna, etc.

The Maya Chronicles, pp. 279. Philadelphia, 1882. No. I
of Brinton's Library of Aboriginal American Literature.

This volume contains five brief chronicles in the Maya language of
Yucatan, written shortly after the conquest, and carrying the history of
that people back many centuries. To these is added a history of the
conquest, written in his native tongue by a ISIaya Chief in 1562. The
texts are preceded by an introduction on the history of the Mayas, their
language, calendar, numerical system, etc., and a vocabulary is added
at the close.

The Graphic System and Ancient Records of the Mayas. Con-
tributions to American Ethnology, Vol. v, pages xvii-xxxvii. Wash-
ington, D. C, 1882, U. S. Geographical and Geological Survey
of the Rocky Mountain Region.

Contains, 1, Descriptions of the Maya system of writing by Spanish
writers; 2, by native authors ; 3, enumeration of extant MSS. ; 4, a
review of the efibrts at interpreting them.

47

The Bronze Age in Great Britain. Penn Monthly, Vol, xiii,
pages 43-48, January, 1S82.

Review of Sir John Evan's "Ancient Bronze Implements of Great
Britain."

* The Books of Chilan Balam, the Prophetic and Historic Records
of the Mayas of Yucatan, pp. 15. Illustrated. Penri Monthly,
Vol. xiii, pages 261-275, April, 1882.

These "Books" are the sacred records of the modern natives of
Yucatan. They are curiously illustrated, and date mostly from the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The above is a detailed descrip-
tion of the wholly unpublished originals.

1883.

Aboriginal American Authors and their Productions, especially
those in the Native Language, pp. 63. Philadelphia, 1883.

Gives a list of authors belonging to native American tribes and notices
of the works composed by them in their own languages.

The Guegiience : a Comedy Ballet in the Nahuatl-Spanish Dia-
lect of Nicaragua. pp.94. Illustrated. Philadelphia, 1883. No.
Ill of Brinton's Library of Aboriginal American Literature.

A curious and unique specimen of the native comic dances, with dia-
logues, called bniles, formerly common in Central America. It is in
mixed Nahuatl-Spanish jargon of Nicaragua, and shows distinctive fea-
tures of native authorship. The introduction treats of the ethnology of
Nicaragua, and the local dialects, musical instruments and dramatic
representations. A map and a number of illustrations are added.

The Journey of the Soul. A Comparative Study from Aztec,
Aryan and Egyptian Mythology, pp. 9. Proceedings of the Numis-
matic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia, in celebration of the
twenty-fifth anniversary of its foundation, Philadelphia, 1883, pages

6-14.

Points out the singular similarity in the notions of the three peoples
named with regard to the fate of the soul.
Recent European Contributions to the Study of American Archse-
ology. pp.3. Extracts from \}n& Minutes of the Numismatic and
Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia, March, 1883, page 7.

American Archaeology. Encyclopaedia Britannica, American
Supplement. Vol. i, pages 278-286.

* The Folk-lore of Yucatan, pp.13. Folk-lore Journal {l^ondon)
Vol. i, pages 244-256, August, 1883.

Derived almost wholly from original unpublished material.

48

1884.

* A Grammar of the Cakchiquel Language of Guatemala. Trans-
lated from an Ancient Spanish MS., with an Introduction and Nu-
merous Additions, pp. 67. Proceedings of the Aitierican Philo-
sophical Society, Vol. xxi, pages 345-412, January, 1884.

Though not the only, yet a valuable, grammar of this important dia-
lect, known as the " metropolitan language" of Guatemala.

* Memoir of Dr. Karl Hermann Berendt. pp. 6. Proceedings of
the American A?itiquarian Society, Vol. iii, new series, pages 205-
210, April, 1884.

Indian Languages in South America. Science, Vol. iv, page
i59j August 29.

Notices the works of von Tschudi, Pelleschi and Carrera.

* On the Language and Ethnological Position of the Xinca Indians
of Guatemala, pp. 9. Proceedings of the American Philosophical
Society, Vol, xxii, pages 89-97, October, 1884.

Contains extended vocabularies of three dialects of the Xinca language,
from unpublished sources.

* On the Cuspidiform Petroglyphs, or so-called Bird-track Sculp-
tures, of Ohio. pp. 3. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, pages 275-277, October, 1884.

* On Fired Stones and Prehistoric Implements, p. i. Proceed-
ings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, page 279,
November, 1884.

* Impression of the Figures on a " Meday Stick." p. i. Pro-
ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, page
278, November, 1884.

North African Archaeology. Science, Vol. iv, p. 438, November,

1884.

Notes of a communication on the Stone Age in Northern Africa.

1885.

The Lenape and their Legends ; with the Complete Text and
Symbols of the Walum Olum, a New Translation and an Inquiry
into its Authenticity, pp. 262. Illustrated. Philadelphia, 1885.
No. V of Brinton's Library of Aboriginal American Literature.

Contains the complete text and symbols, 184 in iiumber, of the
"Walum Olum, or Red Score, of the Delaware Indians, with the full
original text, and a new translation, notes and vocabulary. A lengthy

49

introduction treats of the Lenapo or Delawares, their history, customs,
myths, language, etc., with numerous references to other tribes of the
great Algonkiu stock.

The Annals of the Cakchiquels. The Original Text, with a
Translation, Notes and Introduction, pp. 234. Illustrated. Phila-
delphia, 1885. No. VI of Brinton's Library of Aboriginal Ameri-
can Literature.

The original text, written about 1562, by a member of the reigning
family, with a translation, introduction, notes and vocabulary. This
may be considered one of the most important historical documents relat-
ing to the pre-Columbian period.

Man in the Stone Age. Science, Vol. v, p. 3, January, 1885.
* The Lineal Measures of the Semi-civilized Nations of Mexico
and Central America, pp. 14. Proceedings of the American
Philosophical Society^ Vol. xii, pages 194-207, January, 1885.

Defines the units of measurement in use among the ancient Mayas,
Cakchiquels and Aztecs.

Notes on Aboriginal Literature. The Afnerican Antiquarian
and Orietital Journal, Vol. vii, page 119, 1885.

Anthropos and Anthropopithecus. Science, Vol. v, page 104,
February, 1885.

The Taensa Grammar and Dictionary. A Deception Exposed,
pp. 6. American Antiquariaft, Vol. vii, pages 108-113, March,
1885.

Did Cortes Visit Palenque ? Science, Vol. v, page 248, March,
1885.

Shows that he did not.
The Philosophic Grammar of American Languages as set forth
by Wilhelm von Humboldt ; with the translation of an unpublished
Memoir by him on the American Verb. pp. 49. Proceedings oj
the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xxii, pages 306-354,
March, 1885.

The unequaled ability of Wilhelm von Humboldt in the field of
linguistic philosophy, and his especial interest in American languages,
endow his opinions with peculiar interest to students of this branch.

The Chief God of the Algonkins, in his Character as a Cheat
and Liar. pp. 3. Af?terican Antiquarian, Vol. vii, pages 137-
139, May, 1885.

Points out and explains the incongruous character assigned their deity
by the Algonkins.

50

The Sculptures of Cozumelhuapa. Science, Vol. vi, page 42*
July, 1885.

Indicates that these sculptures were probably the work of the
Nahuatl-speaking Pipiles of Guatemala.

The Taensa Grammar and Dictionary. A Reply to M. Lucien
Adam. pp. 2. American A?iiiquariaji, Vol. vii, pages 275-276,
September, 1885.

These two articles pointed out that the Taensa language, so called,
supposed by certain linguists to have once existed on the lower
Mississippi, was in fact the fabrication of some young French Semin-
arists.

* Notes on the Mangue ; an extinct dialect formerly spoken in
Nicaragua, pp. 20. Proceedings of the American Philosophical
Society, Vol. xiii, pages 238-257, October, 1885.

Almost entirely from unpublished sources ; proves the Mangue to be
a dialect of the Chapanec of Chiapas.

* American Languages, and why we should Study them. An Ad-
dress delivered before the Pennsylvania Historical Society, March
9, 1885. pp. 21. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biog-
raphy, Vol. ix, pages 15-35.

A plea for greater attention to the study of the native tongues of
America.

* On Polysynthesis and Incorporation as characteristics of Ameri-
can Languages, pp. 39. Proceedings of the American Philosophi-
cal Society, Vol. xxiii, pages 48-86, October, 1885.

Claims that the traits named are so widespread in American languages
that they are virtually characteristic of them.

Notes on American Ethnology. The American Antiquarian and
Oriental Journal, Vol. vii, pages 301-34 and 378. September and
November, 1885.

1886.

* Anthropology and Ethnology. 4to, pp. 184. Iconographic
Encyclopcedia, Vol. i, Philadelphia, pages 1-184.

* Prehistoric Archaeology. 4to, pp. 116. Iconographic Encyclo-
pcedia, Vol. ii, Philadelphia.

These two extended essays embrace the archaeology of both hemi-
spheres, and the general principles of ethnology as a science. They are
not published separately from the work to which they were contributed.

51

* The Study of the Nahuatl Language. pp. 7. Americatt
Antiquarian, Vol. viii, pages 22-27, January, 1886.

^Mentions the principal grammars and dictionaries of which the
student should avail himself.

On the Ikonomatic Method of Phonetic Writing, with Special
Reference to American Archaeology, pp. 14. Proceedings of the
Atnerican Philosophical Society, A^ol. xxiii, pages 503-514, October,
1886.

The method of writing called by the author "ikonomatic" is that
based on the principle of the rebus. It is shown to prevail extensively
in ancient graphic systems, especially in the Mexican picture writing.

* The Conception of Love in Some American Languages, pp.
18. Proceedings of the AniericaJi Philosophical Society, Vol. xxiii,
pages 546-561, November, 1886.

Analyzes the words for love and friendship in five American linguistic
stocks in order to show their true sense and the development of the
affections.

* The Phonetic Elements in the Graphic System of the Mayas and
Mexicans, pp. 11. Illustrated. American Antiquarian, Yo\. vm,
pages 347-357, November, 1886.

Points out to what extent phoneticism probably existed in the methods
of writing in use among these nations.

Los Libros de Chilan Balam. 4to, pp. 10. Anales del Museo
Nacional de Mexico, tomo iii, pages 92-101. Mexico, 1886.

A translation, with additions, of the article above referred to on the
Books of Chilan Balam.

Notes on American Ethnology. The American Antiquarian
and Oriental Journal, Vol. viii, pages 59, 121, 250, 381. 1886.

1887.

Ancient Nahuatl Poetry ; containing the Nahuatl Text of XXVII
Ancient Mexican Poems ; with Translation, Introduction, Notes,
and Vocabulary, pp. 177. Philadelphia, 1887. No. VII of
Brinton's Library of Aboriginal American Literature.

In this volume twenty-seven songs in the original Nahuatl are pre-
sented, with translation, notes, vocabulary, etc. Many of them date
from before the conquest, and none later than the sixteenth century.
They have remained wholly unpublished and untranslated ; several are
attributed to the famous royal poet, Nezahualcoyotl . The introduction
describes the ancient poetry of the Nahuas in all its bearings.

* Critical Remarks on the Editions of Diego de Landa's Writings.

52

pp. 8. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol.
xxiv, pages i-8, January, 1887.

Comparing the edition of Landa's work edited by the Abbe Brasseur
de Bourbourg (Paris, 1864) with that issued at Madrid in 1884.

* A Review of the Data for the Study of the Prehistoric Chron-
ology of America, pp. 21. Proceedings of the American Associa-
tion for the Advajicement of Sciefice, Vol. xxxvi, pages 283-301,
1887.

Address, as Vice-President of the Association, on the probable
antiquity of man on the American continent. Abstract in Science, Vol.
X, p. 76.

The Subdivisions of the Palaeolithic Period. Proceedings of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science, Vol. xxxvi,
page 315, 1887.

Points out the presence of simple or of compound implements as a
criterion of antiquity.

* Were the Toltecs an Historic Nationality? pp. 13. Proceed-
ings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xxiv, pages 229-
241, September, 1887.

Disproves the existence of the Toltecs as a nationality, and shows
that their alleged "empire" is a baseless fable.

On Certain Supposed Nanticoke Words, Shown to be of African
Origin, pp. 5. American Antiquariafi, Vol. ix, pages 350-354,
November, 1887.

A series of numerals, etc., hitherto supposed to belong to the Nanti-
coke dialect, is shown to be Mandingo (African).

* On the So-called Alagiilac Language of Guatemala, pp. 12.
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xxiv, pages
366-377, November, 1887.

Proves by the evidence of previously unpublished material that this
so-called language is merely a dialect of the Nahuatl of Mexico.

* On an Ancient Human Footprint from Nicaragua, p. 8. Pro-
ceedings of the Afnerican Philosophical Society, Vol. xxiv, pages
437-444, November, 1887.

Maintains that the human footprints found in the tufa along the
shores of I.,ake Managua are probably not of extreme antiquity.

The Rate of Change in American Languages. Science, Vol. x,
page 274, December, 1887.

Illustrates from various examples how slight is the change undergone
by American languages in several centuries.

53

Iroquois and Eskimos. Science, Vol. x, page 300, December,
1887.

American Aboriginal Poetry, pp.21. Proceeditjf^s of the Numis-
matic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia ioi \\\Q years 1887-
1889, pages 17-37.

Contains numerous selections from unpublished or rare poems by
native American authors, -with a literary analysis of their character.

Notes on American Ethnology. The American Antiquarian and
Oriental Journal, Vol. ix, pages 53, 115.

1888.

* Report of the Committee appointed to examine into the
Scientific Value of Volapiik. pp. 15. Proceedings of the Ainerican
Philosophical Society, Vol. xxv, pages 3-17, January, 1888.

Report, as chairman of the committee, deciding against Volapiik, on
account of its grammatic structure.

* On the Chane-abal (Four-Language) Tribe and Dialect of
Chiapas, pp. 20. America?i Anthropologist, Vol. i, pages 'j'j-gS.
January, 1888.

Description, with extensive vocabularies from unpublished sources, of
a curiously mixed population, chiefly of Maya blood, in the State of
Chiapas, Mexico.

Linguistique Americaine. pp. 3. Revue de Linguistique , Vol.
xxi, pages 54-56, Paris, January, 1S88.

Lenape Conversations, pp. 6. Journal of American Folk-lore,
Vol. i, pages 37-42, April-June, 1888.

Gleanings from conversations with the Eev. A. S. Anthony on subjects
of tribal folk-lore.

Early Man in Spain. Proceedings of the American Association for
the Advancetnent of Science, 1888, Vol. xxxvii, pages 323-324.

Review of late investigations into the palaeolithic and neolithic
periods in the Iberian peninsula.

Traits of Primitive Speech Illustrated from American Languages.
Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement oj
Science, Vol. xxxvii, pages 324-325, 1888.

The above paper refers to certain traits in American tongues which
seem to be survivals of man's earliest forms of articular speech.

On a Limonite Human Vertebra from Florida. Proceedings of the

54

American Association for the Advancement of Science, Vol. xxxvi,
page 325.

Human bones transformed into limonite have been found in Southern
Florida. Their extreme antiquity has not been demonstrated.

On the Alleged Mongoloid Affinities of the American Race.
Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancejnent of
Science, Vol. xxxvii, page 325, 18S8.

Attacks the notion prevalent among anthropologists that the American
Indians possess Mongolian or Mongoloid traits, or should be classed as
one race vrith the Asiatics.

* The Language of Palaeolithic Man. pp.14. Proceedings of the
Americait Philosophical Society, Vol. xxv, pages 212-225, October,
1888.

* Obituary Notice of Philip H. Law, Esq. pp. 7. Proceedings
of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xxv, pages 225-231,
October, 1888.

* The Ta Ki, the Svastika and the Cross in America, pp. 11.
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xxvi, pages
177-187, December, 1888.

Shows that these sacred symbols, so widely disseminated in the Old
World, occur also in America and were there spontaneously developed.
Facettes of Love : From Browning. An Introductory Address.
pp. 35. Philadelphia, November, 1888.

A study of the passion of love as illustrated in the works principally
of Eobert Browning.
On the Nahuatl Version of Sahagun's " Historia de la Nueva
Espafia." pp. 7. Compte-Rendu, Congres International des
Americanistes, f^^ Session. Berlin, 1888, pages 83-89.

Description of the original MS. of a portion of Sahagun's history
preserved in the private library of the King of Spain.

A Lenape-English Dictionary. From an anonymous MS., in the
archives of the Moravian Church at Bethlehem, Pa. Edited, with
additions, by Daniel G. Brinton and Rev. Albert Seqaqkind
Anthony. 410, pp. 236. Historical Society of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, 1888.

The Rev. Mr. Anthony, a native of Delaware, highly educated, gave
close attention to a review of the original MS., so that the above may
be regarded as a standard dictionary of the old Lenape, or Delaware,
language.

55

1889.

* On a Petroglyph from the Island of St. Vincent, West Indies,
pp. 6. Illustrated. Proceedings of the Acaderyiy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia, pages 417-420.

Describes a rock- writing or picture, probably of Carib origin.
On the " Stone of the Giants" (near Orizaba, Mexico), pp.
8. Proceedings of the Numismatic and Antiquariafi Society of
Philadelphia for the years 1887-1889, pages 78-85.

Presents an original interpretation of the remarkable inscription on
this striking monument of Mexican antiquity.

The Aims and Traits of a World-Language. An Address before
the Nineteenth Century Club, New York. pp. 23. Werner's
Voice Magazine, New York, 1889.

Attempts to define the characteristics of a tongue for general inter-
communication, should such be desired.

The Ethnologic Affinities ot the Ancient Etruscans, pp. 22.
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xxvi, pages
506-527, October, 1889.

Argues in favor of the probability that the ancient Etruscans were of
Hamitic (Berber, Libyan) origin, and came to Italy from North Africa.

1890.

* Supplementary Report of the Committee appointed to consider
an International Language, pp. 7. Proceedings of the American
Philosophical Society, Vol. xxv, pages 312-318.

Eeport as chairman of the committee.
Rig Veda Americanus. Sacred Songs of the Ancient Mexicans,
with a Gloss in Nahuatl. With Paraphrase, Notes and Vocabulary.
pp.95. Illustrated. Philadelphia. No. VIII of Brinton's Library
of Aboriginal American Literature, 1890.

Presents the original text with a gloss in Nahuatl of twenty sacred
chants of the ancient Mexicans. They are preserved in the Madrid MSS.
of Father Sahagun, and date anterior to the conquest. A paraphrase,
notes and a vocabulary are added, and a number of curious illustrations
are reproduced from the original.

Essays of an Americanist. I. Ethnologic and Archjeologic. 11.
Mythology and Folk-lore. III. Graphic Systems and Literature.
IV. Linguistic. pp. 489. Illustrated. Philadelphia, 1890,
Porter & Coates.

This volume is mainly a selection from the author's earlier essays on
American topics. Its contents are as follows :

56

Paet I. — Ethnologic axd Aech^ologic,

A Review of the Data for the Study of the Prehistoric Chronology of
America.

On Palseoliths, American and other.

On the alleged Mongolian Afl&nities of the American Pace.

The Probable Nationality of the Mound-builders of the Ohio Valley.

The Toltecs of Mexico and their Fabulous Empire.

Part II. — Mythology axd Folk-loee.

The Sacred Names in the Mythology of the Quiches of Guatemala.

The Hero-God of the Algonkins as a Cheat and Liar.

The Journey of the Soul in Egyptian, Aryan and American My-
thology.

The Sacred Symbols of the Cross, the Svastika and the Triquetrum in
America.

The Modern Folk-lore of the Natives of Yucatan.

The Folk-lore of the Modem Lenape Indians.

Paet III.— Geaphic Systems and Liteeature.

The Phonetic Elements in the Hieroglyphs of the Mayas and Mexi-
cans.

The Ikonomatic Method of Phonetic Writing used by the Ancient
Mexicans.

The Writing and Records of the Ancient Mayas of Yucatan.

The Books of Chilan Balam, the Sacred Volume of the Modern
Mayas.

Translation of the Inscription on "The Stone of the Giants" at
Orizaba, Mexico.

The Poetry of the American Indians, with Numerous Examples.

Paet FV. — Lixguistic.

American Aboriginal Languages, and why we should stndy them.

Wilhelm von Humboldt's Researches in American Languages.

Some Characteristics of American Languages.

The Earliest Form of Human Speech, as Revealed by American
Languages.

The Conception of Love, as Expressed in some American Languages.

The Lineal Measures of the Semi-Civilized Nations of ^Mexico and
Central America.

The Curious Hoax about the Taensa Language.

Races and Peoples; Lectures on the Science of Ethnography,
pp. 313. Illustrated. New York, 1890. N. D. C. Hodges.

Contains ten lectures on the general science of Ethnography, as fol-
lows : I. The Physical Elements of Ethnography. II. The Psychical
. Elements of Ethnography. III. The Beginnings and Subdivisions of
Races. IV. The Eurafrican Race : South Mediterranean Branch. V.

57

The Eurafrican Kace : North Mediterranean Branch. VI. The Aust-
african Kace. Til. The Asian Race. VIII. Insular and Literal
Peoples. IX. The American Eace. X. Problems and Predictions.
Maps, diagrams and cuts are added. For a lull description of this work,
see Prof. Mason in "Smithsonian Report " for 1890, pp. 541-545.

The Cradle of the Semites. A Paper read before the Philadel-
phia Oriental Club. pp. 26. Philadelphia, 1890.

Presents reasons for believing that the ancestors of the Semitic stock
came from northwestern Africa at a very remote epoch.

On the Chontallis and Popolucas. pp. 9. Comptc- Rendu du
Congres International des Americajiistes, 1890, pages 556-564.

Showing that these are not tribal designations, but common terms in

the Nahuatl tongue applied to various tribes, and hence of no ethnic

significance.

Giordano Bruno, Philosopher and Martyr. Two addresses by

Daniel G. Brinton, AI.D., and Thomas Davidson, A.M. pp. 68.

David McKay, Philadelphia, 1890.

A defense of the life and opinions of this apostle of the Renaissance.
The African Race in America. Chambers^ Cyclopedia, New edi-
tion. Vol. vii, London and Philadelphia, 1S93, pages 428-430.
Article Negroes.

* Folk-lore of the Bones, pp. 6. Journal of American Folk-lore,
Vol. iii, pages 17-22, January, 1890.

* On Etruscan and Libyan Names. A Comparative Study, pp.
14. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xxviii,
pages 39-52, February, 1890.

A study of the linguistic affinity apparently existing between names
of divinities, places and persons in ancient Etruria and Northern Africa.

* The New Poetic Form as Shown in Browning, pp. 13. Poet-
lore, Vol. ii, pages 234-246, May, 1890.

^ Note on the Puquina Language of Peru. pp. 7. Proceedings
of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xxviii, pages 242-248,
November, 1890.

Contains texts, etc., of this little-known tongue, from the extremely
rare work of Geronimo de Ore, entitled Bituale Peruanum.

1891.
The American Race : A Linguistic Classification and Ethno-
graphic Description of the Native Tribes of North and South
America, pp. 392. N. D, C. Hodges, New York, 1891.

This is the first attempt at a systematic classification of the whole
American race on the basis of language. It also embraces descriptions

58

of the arts, religions, culture and physical traits of the various tribes,
while general questions concerning the origin, etc., of the race as a whole
are discussed in the Introduction. The Linguistic Appendix presents
vocabularies of one hundred and twenty different languages and dialects
from Mexico, Central and South America. Under each "linguistic
stock " all the tribes speaking related dialects are grouped, with the geo-
graphical location of each. The Index contains over 1400 names of tribes.

* The International Congress of Americanists, pp.5. American
Anthropologist, Vol. iv, pages 33-37, January, 1891.

Notice of the proceedings at the Eighth Session, Paris, 1890.

* Vocabularies from the Mosquito Coast, pp. 4. Proceedings oj
the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xxix, pages 1-4, March,
1891.

Unpublished material from the tribe of the Eamas, showing that they
are a member of the Changuina stock of the Isthmus of Panama.

Inscriptions from Easter Island, p. i. Proceedings of the Nu-
mismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia for the years
1890-1891, pages 61-62.

These articles explain that the alleged hieroglyphic script of the
Easter Islanders is similar to and not higher than the symbolic picture-
writing of the Algoukin Indians. Another article on the same subject
in Science, May 8, 1892.

1892.

* Observations on the Chinantec Language of Mexico and on the
Mazatec Language and its Affinities. 8vo, pp. 20. Proceedings
of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xxx, pages 22-39, Janu-
ary, 1892.

Analyzes the Chinantec from the Doctrina of Barreda ; shows that the
Mazatec is probably affined to the Mangue and to some Costa Eica dia-
lects. The reprint is bound up with the "Studies in South American
Languages. ' '

* Studies in South American Languages. 8vo, pp. 67. Philadel-
phia, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xxx,
pages 45-105, January and February, 1892.

Contains ten studies, mostly from MS. sources, as follows : —
I. The Tacana language. II. The Jivaro language. III. The Cholona
language. IV. The Leca language. V. A text in the Manao dialect.
VI. The Bonari dialect of the Carib Stock. VII. The Hongote language
and the Patagonian dialects. VIII. The Dialects and Affinities of the
Kechua language. IX. Affinities of South and North American lan-
guages. X. On the Dialects of the Betoyas and Tucanos. (The Hon-
gote subsequently proved to be a North American language.)

59

* Further Notes on Fuegian Languages, pp. 6. Proceedings of
the Amefican Philosophical Society, Vol. xxx, pages 249-254, April,
1892.

Examines an Alikuluf vocabulary of 1695 ; gives a vocabulary of the
Onas tongue and shows its probable affinity with Yahgan ; explains the
position of the Hongote.

Current Notes on Anthropology.

Notes beginning in March, 1892, on the general progress of Anthro-
pologic science throughout the world. Continued with few interrup-
tions down to the time of the author's death.
Anthropology, as a Science and as a Branch of University Edu-
cation in the United States, pp. 15. Philadelphia.

Aims to present a complete scheme for the teaching of Anthropology
in Institutions of tlie higher education in the United States, and pre-
sents its claims for the attention of Universities.

* The Written Language of the Ancient Mexicans. 4to, pp. 6.
Trafisactions of the Attierican Philosophical Society, Vol. xvii, pages
53-58.

Introduction to the fac-simile of the Codex Poinsett published by the
Society; discusses the various systems of writing found in Ancient
Mexican Codices.

The Question of the Celts. Science, Vol. xix, pages 194 and
235> April, 1892.

The " Hongote " Language. Science, Vol. xix, page 277, May,
1892.

European Origin of the White Race. Science, Vol. xix, page
360, June, 1892.

The Department of Archaeology, pp.7. Circular of Information,
No. 2, 1892, pages 377-383, Bureau of Education, Washington.
Benjamin Franklin and the University of Pennsylvania.

Describes the Museums of the University of Pennsylvania as they
were in 1891.

The Epilogues of Browning: Their Artistic Significance. Poet-
lore, Vol. iv, pages 57-64, 1892.

Browning on Unconventional Relations. Poet-lore, Vol. iv,
pages 266-271. May, 1892.

Primitive American Poetry. Poet-lore, Vol. iv, pages 329-331,
1892.

60

^ The Nomenclature and Teaching of Anthropology, pp. 9.
American Anthropologist, Vol. v, pages 263-271, July, 1892.

Proposes a series of rules for an international nomenclature of the
science of Antbropologj^, with examples.

* Reminiscences of Pennsylvanian Folk-lore. pp. 9. Journal oj
Afnerican Folk-lore, Vol. v, pages 17 7-1 85, July-September.
Describes the folk-lore of a locality in southern Pennsylvania.

Proposed Classification and International Nomenclature of the
Anthropologic Sciences, pp. 2. Proceedings of the American
Association for tJie Advanceme7it of Science, Vol. xli, 1892, pages
257-258.

Anvil-shaped Stones from Pennsylvania, pp. 2. Proceedings of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science, Vol. xli,
pages 286-287, 1892.
Abstract.

The Ancient Libyan Alphabet. Science, Vol. xx, page 105,
August; page 192, September; page 290, November, 1892.

Remarks on Certain Indian Skulls from Burial Mounds in Mis-
souri, Illinois and Wisconsin, pp. 3. Transactions of the College of
Physicia?is, PJiiladelpiiia, third series. Vol. xiv, pages 217-219,
November, 1892.

European Origin of the Aryans. Science, Vol. xx, page 165,
September, 1892.

The Etruscan Ritual Book. Science, Vol. xx, page 212, October,
1892.

* Further Not-es on the Betoya Dialects of South America, pp.
8. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xxx,
pages 271-278, October, 1892.

From an unpublished ^IS. in the Lenox Library.

Address Delivered on Columbus Day, October 21, 1892, at the
Library and Museum Building of the University of Pennsylvania,
pp. 8. Philadelphia, 1892.

*The Etrusco-Libyan Elements in the Song of the Arvai
Brethren, pp. 8. Proceedings of the American Piiilosophical So-
ciety, Vol. xxx, pages 317-324, November, 1892.

1893.

The Pursuit of Happiness, pp. 292. David McKay, Phila-
delphia, 1893.

61

The Boturini-Aubin-Goupil Collection of Mexicana. pp. 2.
Science, Vol. xxi, pages 127-128, March, 1893.

Remarks on the Mexican Calendar System. Proceedings of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science, Vol. xlii,
page 312, 1893.

Concludes that the calendar in its first form had no reference to the
solar year and that its adaptation as a year-count came later.

* The Native Calendar of Central America and Mexico : A Study
in Linguistics and Symbolism, pp. 57, Proceedings of the American
Philosophical Society, Vol. xxxi, pages 258-314, October, 1893.

Describes the mathematical l)asis of the calendar, with a compara-
tive analysis of the day and month names, with their symbolism.

On an Inscribed Tablet from Long Island, pp. 3. The
Archceologist, Waterloo, Ind., Vol. i, pages 201-203, November,
1893.

Gives the criteria for determining the genuineness of such inscrip-
tion.

* A Vocabulary of the Nanticoke Dialect, pp. 9. Proceedings
of the American Philosophical Society, Vol, xxxi, pages 325-333,
November, 1893.

From an unpublished manuscript in the library of the American
Philosophical Society, secured in 1792 by Mr. Thomas Jefferson.

* On the Words '* Anahuac " and "Nahuatl." pp. 5. Ameri-
can Antiquarian, Vol. xv, pages 377-382, November, 1893.

The term "Anahuac'' has long been applied to the territory of
Mexico. Dr. E. Seler, of Berlin, published an article asserting that
this was an error, and devoid of native authority. It is here pointed
out that he was wrong as early Nahuatl records use it in this sense.

The Beginnings of Man and the Age of the Race. pp. 7. The
Forimi, Vol. xvi, pages 452-458. December, 1893.

1894.

*The "Nation" as an Element in Anthropology, pp.12. Memoirs
of the International Congress of Anthropology, Chicago, 1894, pages
19-34-

Address as President of the Congress.

* On Various Supposed Relations between the American and Asian
Races, pp. 7. Memoirs of the International Congress of Anthro-
pology, Chicago, 1894, pages 145-151-

A refutation of the Asiatic theory of the origin of American culture.

62

* The Present Status of American Linguistics, pp. 4. Memoirs
of the International Congress of Anthropology, Chicago, 1894, pages
335-338-

A review of reeeut contributions.
On the Relation of the Othomi and Tinne Languages. Compte-
Rendu du Congres International des Americanistes, 1894.

* Nagualism : A Study in Native American Folk-lore and
History, pp. 63. Proceedings of the American Philosophical
Society, Vol. xxxiii, pages 11-73, January, 1894.

Describes the secret cult which survives from heathen time among the
natives of Mexico and Central America.

* Characteristics of American Languages, pp. 5. American
Antiquarian, Vol. xvi, pages 33-37, January, 1894.

A reply to Mr. Hewitt.

* The Origin of Sacred Numbers, pp. 5. American Anthropologist,
Vol. vii, pages 168-173, April, 1894.

The sacred numbers asserted to be preeminently 3 and 4, the first
deriving its sacredness from abstract operations of the intelligence and
the latter from concrete and material relations.

* Obituary Notice of George de Benneville Keim. pp. 6. Pro-
ceedings of the American Philosothical Society, Vol. xxxiii, pages
187-192, May, 1894.

An Obstetrical Conjuration, pp. 2. American Antiquarian,
Vol. xvi, pages 166-167, Ma)^, 1894.

A Nahuatl exorcism, with an explanation.

* Variations of the Human Skeleton and their Causes, pp. 10.
American Anthropologist^ Vol. vii, pages 377-386, October, 1894.

An argument against skeletal variations being considered as rever-
sions.

* On Certain Morphologic Traits in American Languages, pp. 5.
American Antiquarian, Vol. xvi, pages 336-340, October, 1894.

A discussion of incorporation and its effect on linguistic morphology.
What the Maya Inscriptions Tell About, pp. 4. The ArchcBolo-
^/i-/ (Waterloo, Ind.), Vol. ii, pages 325-328, November, 1894.

* On the Physiological Correlation of Certain Linguistic Radi-
cals, pp. 2. Proceedings of the American Oriefital Society, Vol.
xvi, pages cxxxiii-cxxxiv, 1894.

Intended to dissuade from use as signs of linguistic relation radicals
between which and certain physiological processes correlations exist.

63

* The Alphabets of the Berbers, pp. 8. Oriental Studies, 2.%t\zc-
tion of the papers read before the Oriental Club of Philadelphia,
pages 63-71. Boston, 1894.

Suggests that one or more of the Berber alphabets may have been
derived from Egypt.

A Primer of Mayan Hieroglyphics, pp. 152. Publications of
the University of Pennsylvania: Series in Philology, Literature
and Archaeology, Vol. iii. No. 2. Ginn & Company, Boston.

Intended as a summary of all that had been achieved up to the time
of its publication.

1895.

The Character and Aims of Scientific Investigation. Science,
Vol. i, new series, page 3, January, 1895.

Abstract of introductory address at Brooklyn meeting of the Ameri-
can Association for the Advancement of Science, August, 1894.

The Archaeology of Southern Florida. Science, Vol. i, new
series, page 207, February, 1895.

* The Proto-historic Chronology of Western Asia. pp. 31.
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xxxiv, pages
71-101, April, 1895.

Walt Whitman and Science, pp. 12. The Conservator, Vol. vi,
pages 20-31, April, 1895.

* Obituary Notice of Dr. William Samuel Waithman Ruschen-
berger. pp. 4. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society,
Vol. xxxiv, pages 361-364, May, 1895.

* Some Words from the Andagueda Dialect of the Choco Stock
of South America, pp. 2. Proceedings of the American Philosophi-
cal Society, Vol. xxxiv, pages 401-402, November, 1895.

Contains a short vocabulary obtained from natives by ilr. Henry E.
Granger.

* On the Matagalpan Linguistic Stock of Central America, pp.
13. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xxxiv,
pages 403-415, December, 1895.

The Matagalpan family, first defined in The American Race, is more
fully discuiised as they survive in San Salvador.

* The Aims of Anthropology, pp. 17. Proceedings of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science, Vol. xliv,
pages 1-17, 1895.

Address as retiring President of the Association, 1895.

64

* Report upon the Collections exhibited at the Columbian His-
torical Exposition, pp. 73. Report of the United States Com-
mission to the Columbian Historical Exposition at Madrid, 1892-
93, pages 19-86. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1895.

Descriptive report as United States Commissioner.

1896.

* The Relations of Race and Culture to Degenerations of the
Reproductive Organs and Functions in Women, pp. 2. Medical
News, New York, January 18, 1896, pages 68-69.

Summary of a paper read before the Anthropological Section of the
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, January 10, 1896.

* On the Remains of Foreigners Discovered in Egypt by Mr.
Flinders Petrie, 1895. pp. 2. Proceedings of the Americaii Philo-
sophical Society, Vol. XXXV, pages 63-64, January, 1896.

An Ethnologist's View of History, pp. 24. Philadelphia, 1896.
An address before the annual meeting of the New Jersey Historical
Society, at Trenton, January 28, 1896.

Scientific Materialism. Science, Vol. iii, new series, page 324,
February, 1896.

* Obituary Notice of Henry Haz.lehurst, Esq. pp. 8. American
Philosophical Society Memorial Volume, pages iS-25, April, 1896.

*Left-handedness in North American Aboriginal Art. pp. 7.
American Anthropologist, Vol. ix, pages 175-181, May, 1896.

An attempt to prove, from an examination of their stone implements,
that the aboriginal race of North America was either left-handed or
ambidextrous to a greater degree than the peoples of modern Europe.

Whitman's Sexual Imagery. The Conservator, Vol. vii, pages
57-60, June, 1896.

The Myths of the New World. A Treatise on the Symbolism
and Mythology of the Red Race of America, Third edition, re-
vised, pp. 360. Philadelphia, David McKay, 1896.

* "SpelHng Reform," a Dream and a Folly, pp.4- Journal of
Communication, July, 1896.

A protest against phonetic spelling.
On the Oldest Stone Implements in the Eastern United States,
pp. 6. Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain
and Ireland, Vol. xxvi, pages 59-64, August, 1896.

Argues that there is nothing to warrant the attribution of these re-

65

mains to a culture earlier than that of the Indian as found Ijy the
earliest European voyagers.
*The Battle and Ruins of Cintla. pp. lo. American Antiquarian,
Vol. xvii, pages 259-268, September, 1896.

An examination of the historical narrative, name, tribe, place and
existing ruins, with an account of the latter from unpublished notes by
Dr. Berendt.

* Vocabulary of the Noanama Dialect of the Choco Stock.
pp. 3. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol,
XXXV, pages 202-204, November, 1896.

Contains vocabulary procured from natives by Mr. Henry G. Granger.

1897.

* Native American Stringed Instruments. p. i. American
Antiquarian, Vol. xix, pages 19-20, January, 1897.

Descriptive account.

* Horatio Hale. pp. 3. American Anthropologist, Vol. x, pages
25-27. January, 1897.

Obituary notice.
Horatio Hale. Science, Vol. v, new series, page 216. Febru-
ary, 1897.

Obituary notice.
*Tiie Pillars of Ben. pp. 8. Bulletin of the Free Museum of
Science and Art, University of Pennsylvania, Vol. i, pages 3-10,
May, 1897.

Explanation of the name of these monolithic monuments of the State
of Chiapas, Mexico, as one of the Tzental day names, and the pillars
explained as erected to Ben as one of the " year-bearers'' identified with
the Bacabs.

* The So-called Bow-puller Identified as the Greek Murmex.
pp. 5. Bulletin of the Free Museum of Science and Art, University
of Pennsylvania, Vol. i, pages 10-15, May, 1897.

* The Missing Authorities on Mayan Antiquities. pp. 9.
American Anthropologist, Vol. x, pages 183-191, June, 1897.

Gives a list of the most important missing historical and linguistic
vrorks.
The Potter's Wheel in America. Science, Vol. v, new series,
page 958, June, 1897.

Reply to Mr. H. C. Mercer.
The Measurement of Thought as Function, pp. 3. Proceedings

66

of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xxxvi, pages 438-440,
December, 1897.

* Note on the Classical Murmex. pp. 2. Bulletin of the Free
Museum of Science and Art, Philadelphia, Vol. i, pages 70-71.
December, 1897.

* Dr. Allen's Contributions to Anthropologj'. pp. 8. Proceedings
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1897, pages
522-529, December.

Memorial address on Dr. Harrison Allen.

Religions of Primitive People, pp. 264. New York, G. P.
Putnam's Sons, 1897.

Lectures delivered in the course of American Lectures on the History
of Keligions, second series, 1896-1897, treating of the origin and con-
tents of primitive religions, primitive religious expression and the lines
of development, with an introduction defining the methods of study.

* Maria Candelaria : An Historic Drama from American Abo-
riginal Life. pp. 91. Philadelphia.

Based upon an episode of the rising of the Tzentals iu 1712.

1898.

The Culture Status of the American Indian at the Period of his
Discovery, pp. 3. American Archceologist, Vol. ii, pages 29-31,
February, 1898.

* Note on the Criteria of Wampum, pp. 2. Bulletin of the Free
Museum of Science and Art, University of Pennsylvania, Vol. i,
pages 177-178, June, 1898.

* The Factors of Heredity and Environment in Man, pp. 7,
American Anthropologist, Vol. xi, pages 271-277, September, 1898.

* The Dwarf Tribe of the Upper Amazon, pp. 7. American
Anthropologist, Vol xi, pages 277-279, September, 1898.

A review of the evidence in reference to dwarf tribes in South
America.
Popular Superstitions of Europe, pp. 13. The Century Maga-
zine, Vol. Ivi, pages 643-655, September, 1898.

A popular article, with pictures by Andre Castaigne.

* The Archaeology of Cuba. pp. 4. American Archceologist
(Columbus, Ohio), Vol. ii, pages 253-256, October, 1898.

A resum^ of the literature.

* The Linguistic Carlography of the Chaco Region, pp. 28.

67

Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. xxxvii,

pages 178-205, October, 1898.

Few linguistic areas on the continent have been more obscure than
that called "El Gran Chaco,'' in northern Argentina and southern
Bolivia. In the above is mapped the area from 20° to 3(J° south lati-
tude and 56° to 66° west longitude, defining the boundaries of each of
the seven linguistic stocks which occupied it.

* On Two Unclassified Recent Vocabularies from South America,
pp. 3. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol.
xxxvii, pages 321-323, October, 1898.

Recent vocabularies of the Andoa and Cataquina tongues are examined
and their linguistic relations discussed.

* The Peoples of the Philippines, pp. 12. American Anthropolo-
gist, Vol. xi, pages 293-307, October, 1898.

An account of the different native stocks and tribes.

A Record of Study in American Aboriginal Languages. Printed
for Private Distribution: Media, Pa., 1898, p. 24.

A descriptive analysis of the author's published work on American
languages, with index.

1899.

* The Calchaqui : An Archaeological Problem, pp. 4. American
Anthropologist, (new series), Vol. i, pages 41-44, January, 1899.

The question stated to remain open.

* Professor Blumentrill's Studies of the Philippines, pp. 4.
American Anthropologist (new series), Vol. i, pages 122-125,
January, 1899.

A general review and bibliography.
The Origin of the Sacred Name Jahva. pp. 8. Archiv fiir
Religions Wissenschaft, Vol. ii, pages 226-236, 1899.

The sacred name Jah concluded to be originally an exclamation or
cry used in the worship of divinities, and the wide distribution of this
exclamation with identical or analogous associations regarded as an
example of physiological combination of certain sounds to certain emo-
tions and conceptions.